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void-packages/README.md

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## The XBPS source packages collection
This repository contains the XBPS source packages collection to build binary packages
for the Void Linux distribution.
The included `xbps-src` script will fetch and compile the sources, and install its
files into a `fake destdir` to generate XBPS binary packages that can be installed
or queried through the `xbps-install(8)` and `xbps-query(8)` utilities, respectively.
The `xbps-src` utility uses `xbps-uunshare(8)` (or `xbps-uchroot(8)` if the system
does not support `user namespaces`) to build packages in lightweight linux
`containers` through the use of `namespaces`, that means that processes and bind mounts
are isolated (among others).
### Requirements
- GNU bash
- xbps >= 0.44
### Quick setup in Void
If your system does not support `user namespaces` your user must be added to a special
group to be able to use `xbps-uchroot(8)`:
# usermod -a -G xbuilder <user>
Clone the `void-packages` git repository, install the bootstrap packages:
```
$ git clone git://github.com/voidlinux/void-packages.git
$ cd void-packages
$ ./xbps-src binary-bootstrap
```
Type:
$ ./xbps-src -h
to see all available targets/options and start building any available package
in the `srcpkgs` directory.
### Install the bootstrap packages
The `bootstrap` packages are a set of packages required to build any available source package in a container. There are two methods to install the `bootstrap`:
- `bootstrap`: all bootstrap packages will be built from scratch.
- `binary-bootstrap`: the bootstrap binary packages are downloaded via XBPS repositories.
If you don't want to waste your time building everything from scratch probably it's better to use `binary-bootstrap`.
### Configuration
The `etc/defaults.conf` file contains the possible settings that can be overrided
through the `etc/conf` configuration file for the `xbps-src` utility; if that file
does not exist, will try to read configuration settings from `~/.xbps-src.conf`.
If you want to customize default `CFLAGS`, `CXXFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS`, don't override
those defined in `etc/defaults.conf`, set them on `etc/conf` instead i.e:
$ echo 'XBPS_CFLAGS="your flags here"' >> etc/conf
$ echo 'XBPS_LDFLAGS="your flags here"' >> etc/conf
Native and cross compiler/linker flags are set per architecture in `common/build-profiles`
and `common/cross-profiles` respectively. Ideally those settings are good enough by default,
and there's no need to set your own unless you know what you are doing.
### Virtual packages
The `etc/defaults.virtual` file contains the default replacements for virtual packages,
used as dependencies in the source packages tree.
If you want to customize those replacements, copy `etc/defaults.virtual` to `etc/virtual`
and edit it accordingly to your needs.
### Directory tree
The following directory tree is used with a default configuration file:
/void-packages
|- common
|- etc
|- srcpkgs
| |- xbps
| |- template
|
|- hostdir
| |- binpkgs ...
| |- ccache-<arch> ...
| |- distcc-<arch> ...
| |- repocache ...
| |- sources ...
|
|- masterdir
| |- builddir -> ...
| |- destdir -> ...
| |- host -> bind mounted from <hostdir>
| |- void-packages -> bind mounted from <void-packages>
The description of these directories is as follows:
- `masterdir`: master directory to be used as rootfs to build/install packages.
- `builddir`: to unpack package source tarballs and where packages are built.
- `destdir`: to install packages, aka **fake destdir**.
- `hostdir/ccache-<arch>`: to store ccache data if the `XBPS_CCACHE` option is enabled.
- `hostdir/distcc-<arch>`: to store distcc data if the `XBPS_DISTCC` option is enabled.
- `hostdir/repocache`: to store binary packages from remote repositories.
- `hostdir/sources`: to store package sources.
- `hostdir/binpkgs`: local repository to store generated binary packages.
### Building packages
The simplest form of building package is accomplished by running the `pkg` target in `xbps-src`:
```
$ cd void-packages
$ ./xbps-src pkg <pkgname>
```
When the package and its required dependencies are built, the binary packages will be created
and registered in the default local repository at `hostdir/binpkgs`; the path to this local repository can be added to
any xbps configuration file (see xbps.d(5)) or by explicitly appending them via cmdline, i.e:
$ xbps-install --repository=hostdir/binpkgs ...
$ xbps-query --repository=hostdir/binpkgs ...
By default **xbps-src** will try to resolve package dependencies in this order:
- If dependency exists in the local repository, use it (`hostdir/binpkgs`).
- If dependency exists in a remote repository, use it.
- If dependency exists in a source package, use it.
It is possible to avoid using remote repositories completely by using the `-N` flag.
> The default local repository may contain multiple *sub-repositories*: `debug`, `multilib`, etc.
### Package build options
The supported build options for a source package can be shown with `xbps-src show-options`:
$ ./xbps-src show-options foo
Build options can be enabled with the `-o` flag of `xbps-src`:
$ ./xbps-src -o option,option1 pkg foo
Build options can be disabled by prefixing them with `~`:
$ ./xbps-src -o ~option,~option1 pkg foo
Both ways can be used together to enable and/or disable multiple options
at the same time with `xbps-src`:
$ ./xbps-src -o option,~option1,~option2 pkg foo
The build options can also be shown for binary packages via `xbps-query(8)`:
$ xbps-query -R --property=build-options foo
> NOTE: if you build a package with a custom option, and that package is available
in an official void repository, an update will ignore those options. Put that package
on `hold` mode via `xbps-pkgdb(8)`, i.e `xbps-pkgdb -m hold foo` to ignore updates
with `xbps-install -u`. Once the package is on `hold`, the only way to update it
is by declaring it explicitely: `xbps-install -u foo`.
Permanent global package build options can be set via `XBPS_PKG_OPTIONS` variable in the
`etc/conf` configuration file. Per package build options can be set via
`XBPS_PKG_OPTIONS_<pkgname>`.
> NOTE: if `pkgname` contains `dashes`, those should be replaced by `underscores`
i.e `XBPS_PKG_OPTIONS_xorg_server=opt`.
The list of supported package build options and its description is defined in the
`common/options.description` file or in the `template` file.
### Sharing and signing your local repositories
To share a local repository remotely it's mandatory to sign it and the binary packages
stored on it. This is accomplished with the `xbps-rindex(8)` utility.
First a RSA key must be created with `openssl(1)` or `ssh-keygen(8)`:
$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out privkey.pem 4096
or
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f privkey.pem
> Only RSA keys in PEM format are currently accepted by xbps.
Once the RSA private key is ready you can use it to sign the repository:
$ xbps-rindex --sign --signedby "I'm Groot" --privkey privkey.pem $PWD/hostdir/binpkgs
> If --privkey is unset, it defaults to `~/.ssh/id_rsa`.
If the RSA key was protected with a passphrase you'll have to type it, or alternatively set
it via the `XBPS_PASSPHRASE` environment variable.
Once the binary packages have been signed, check the repository contains the appropiate `hex fingerprint`:
$ xbps-query --repository=$PWD/hostdir/binpkgs -vL
...
Each time a binary package is created, the repository must be signed as explained above with
the difference that only those new packages will be signed.
> It is not possible to sign a repository with multiple RSA keys.
### Rebuilding and overwriting existing local packages
If for whatever reason a package has been built and it is available in your local repository
and you have to rebuild it without bumping its `version` or `revision` fields, it is possible
to accomplish this task easily with `xbps-src`:
$ ./xbps-src -f pkg xbps
Reinstalling this package in your target `rootdir` can be easily done too:
$ xbps-install --repository=/path/to/local/repo -yff xbps-0.25_1
> Please note that the `package expression` must be properly defined to explicitly pick up
the package from the desired repository.
### Enabling distcc for distributed compilation
Setup the slaves (machines that will compile the code):
# xbps-install -Sy distcc
Enable and start the `distccd` service:
# ln -s /etc/sv/distccd /var/service
In the host (machine that executes xbps-src) enable the following settings in the `void-packages/etc/conf` file:
XBPS_DISTCC=yes
XBPS_DISTCC_HOSTS="192.168.2.101 192.168.2.102"
### Cross compiling packages for a target architecture
Currently `xbps-src` can cross build packages for some target architectures with a cross compiler. The supported target list is the following:
* i686 - for Linux i686 GNU.
* i686-musl - for Linux i686 Musl libc.
* armv6hf - for Linux ARMv6 EABI5 (LE Hard Float / GNU)
* armv6hf-musl - for Linux ARMv6 EABI5 (LE Hard Float / Musl libc)
* armv7hf - for Linux ARMv7 EABI5 (LE Hard Float / GNU)
* armv7hf-musl - for Linux ARMv7 EABI5 (LE Hard Float / Musl libc)
* mips - for Linux MIPS o32 (BE Soft Float / GNU)
* mipsel - for Linux MIPS o32 (LE Soft Float / GNU)
* x86_64-musl - for x86_64 Musl/Linux
If a source package has been adapted to be **cross buildable** `xbps-src` will automatically build the binary package(s) with a simple command:
$ ./xbps-src -a <target> pkg <pkgname>
If the build for whatever reason fails, might be a new build issue or simply because it hasn't been adapted to be **cross compiled**.
### Using xbps-src in a foreign linux distribution
xbps-src can be used in any recent linux distribution matching the cpu architecture.
To use xbps-src in your linux distribution use the following instructions. Let's start downloading the xbps static binaries:
$ wget http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.<arch>-musl.tar.xz
$ mkdir ~/XBPS
$ tar xvf xbps-static-latest.<arch>.tar.xz -C ~/XBPS
$ export PATH=~/XBPS/usr/sbin:$PATH
If your system does not support `user namespaces`, a privileged group is required to be able to use
`xbps-uchroot(8)` with xbps-src, by default it's set to the `xbuilder` group, change this to your desired group:
# chown root:<group> ~/XBPS/usr/sbin/xbps-uchroot.static
# chmod 4750 ~/XBPS/usr/sbin/xbps-uchroot.static
Clone the `void-packages` git repository:
$ git clone git://github.com/voidlinux/void-packages
and `xbps-src` should be fully functional; just start the `bootstrap` process, i.e:
$ ./xbps-src binary-bootstrap
The default masterdir is created in the current working directory, i.e `void-packages/masterdir`.
### Remaking the masterdir
If for some reason you must update xbps-src and the `bootstrap-update` target is not enough, it's possible to recreate a masterdir with two simple commands (please note that `zap` keeps your `ccache/distcc/host` directories intact):
$ ./xbps-src zap
$ ./xbps-src binary-bootstrap
### Keeping your masterdir uptodate
Sometimes the bootstrap packages must be updated to the latest available version in repositories, this is accomplished with the `bootstrap-update` target:
$ ./xbps-src bootstrap-update
### Building 32bit packages on x86_64
Two ways are available to build 32bit packages on x86\_64:
- cross compilation mode
- native mode with a 32bit masterdir
The first mode (cross compilation) is as easy as:
$ ./xbps-src -a i686 pkg ...
The second mode (native) needs a new x86 `masterdir`:
$ ./xbps-src -m masterdir-x86 binary-bootstrap i686
$ ./xbps-src -m masterdir-x86 ...
### Building packages natively for the musl C library
A native build environment is required to be able to cross compile the bootstrap packages for the musl C library; this is accomplished by installing them via `binary-bootstrap`:
$ ./xbps-src binary-bootstrap
Now cross compile `base-chroot-musl` for your native architecture:
$ ./xbps-src -a x86_64-musl pkg base-chroot-musl
Wait until all packages are built and when ready, prepare a new masterdir with the musl packages:
$ ./xbps-src -m masterdir-x86_64-musl binary-bootstrap x86_64-musl
Your new masterdir is now ready to build natively packages for the musl C library. Try:
$ ./xbps-src -m masterdir-x86_64-musl chroot
$ ldd
To see if the musl C dynamic linker is working as expected.
### Contributing
See [Contributing](https://github.com/voidlinux/xbps-packages/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
for a general overview of how to contribute and the
[Manual](https://github.com/voidlinux/xbps-packages/blob/master/Manual.md)
for details of how to create source packages.
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