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void-packages/srcpkgs/uucp/patches/uucp-org.patch
bugcrazy dfbe7fa063 New package: uucp-1.07 
This package contains the standard UUCP package from the Free Software Foundation, with uucico, uusched, uuxqt, uux, uucp, uustat, uulog, uuname, uuto, uupick and cu.

Added files

Added install files, man manuals and patches.

Fixed whitespace and using vman

Removed -R

Added suggested changes

Added underlining

 New suggested changes
2022-04-18 15:20:24 +02:00

8833 lines
376 KiB
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Description: Changes from previous version
This patch contains all changes from previous versions.
Author: Thorsten Alteholz <debian@alteholz.de>
--- uucp-1.07.orig/uucico.c
+++ uucp-1.07/uucico.c
@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@ struct spass
struct sconnection *qconn;
};
+/* min. grade set on commandline */
+static char cmdlgrade = '\0';
+
/* Local functions. */
static void uusage P((void));
@@ -175,6 +178,7 @@ static const struct option asLongopts[]
{ "nodetach", no_argument, NULL, 'D' },
{ "loop", no_argument, NULL, 'e' },
{ "force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
+ { "grade", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
{ "stdin", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
{ "prompt", no_argument, NULL, 'l' },
{ "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
@@ -249,9 +253,9 @@ main (argc, argv)
++zProgram;
#if COHERENT_C_OPTION
- zopts = "c:CDefi:I:lp:qr:s:S:u:x:X:vwz";
+ zopts = "c:CDefg:i:I:lp:qr:s:S:u:x:X:vwz";
#else
- zopts = "cCDefi:I:lp:qr:s:S:u:x:X:vwz";
+ zopts = "cCDefg:i:I:lp:qr:s:S:u:x:X:vwz";
#endif
while ((iopt = getopt_long (argc, argv, zopts,
@@ -292,6 +296,14 @@ main (argc, argv)
failed call. */
fforce = TRUE;
break;
+
+ case 'g':
+ /* Force a grade */
+ if (isalpha(optarg[0]))
+ cmdlgrade = optarg[0];
+ else
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: invalid grade \n", zProgram);
+ break;
case 'i':
/* Type of port to use for standard input. Only TLI is
@@ -796,6 +808,7 @@ uhelp ()
printf ("Usage: %s [options]\n", zProgram);
printf (" -s,-S,--system system: Call system (-S implies -f)\n");
printf (" -f,--force: Force call despite system status\n");
+ printf (" -g,--grade: limit outgoing call to a given grade\n");
printf (" -r state: 1 for master, 0 for slave (default)\n");
printf (" --master: Act as master\n");
printf (" --slave: Act as slave (default)\n");
@@ -1369,12 +1382,18 @@ fdo_call (qdaemon, qstat, qdialer, pfcal
boolean fret;
/* Determine the grade we should request of the other system. A
- '\0' means that no restrictions have been made. */
- if (! ftimespan_match (qsys->uuconf_qcalltimegrade, &ival,
- (int *) NULL))
- bgrade = '\0';
+ '\0' means that no restrictions have been made.
+ If a grade is set on the command line, the calltimegrade-value
+ is overwritten. */
+
+ if (cmdlgrade != '\0')
+ bgrade = cmdlgrade;
else
- bgrade = (char) ival;
+ if (! ftimespan_match (qsys->uuconf_qcalltimegrade, &ival,
+ (int *) NULL))
+ bgrade = '\0';
+ else
+ bgrade = (char) ival;
/* Determine the name we will call ourselves. */
if (qsys->uuconf_zlocalname != NULL)
--- uucp-1.07.orig/uucp.info-2
+++ uucp-1.07/uucp.info-2
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from uucp.texi.
+This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from uucp.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Networking tools
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* UUCP: (uucp). Transfer mail and news across phone lines.
@@ -25,1247 +27,1119 @@ versions, except that the section entitl
a translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.

-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking cu, Next: Invoking uucico, Prev: Invoking uupick, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-
-Invoking cu
-===========
-
-* Menu:
-
-* cu Description:: Description of cu
-* cu Commands:: Commands Supported by cu
-* cu Variables:: Variables Supported by cu
-* cu Options:: Options Supported by cu
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: cu Description, Next: cu Commands, Prev: Invoking cu, Up: Invoking cu
-
-cu Description
---------------
-
- cu [options] [system | phone | "dir"]
-
- The `cu' program is used to call up another system and act as a dial
-in terminal. It can also do simple file transfers with no error
-checking.
-
- The `cu' program takes a single non-option argument.
-
- If the argument is the string `dir' cu will make a direct connection
-to the port. This may only be used by users with write access to the
-port, as it permits reprogramming the modem.
-
- Otherwise, if the argument begins with a digit, it is taken to be a
-phone number to call.
-
- Otherwise, it is taken to be the name of a system to call.
-
- The `-z' or `--system' options may be used to name a system
-beginning with a digit, and the `-c' or `--phone' options may be used
-to name a phone number that does not begin with a digit.
-
- The `cu' program locates a port to use in the UUCP configuration
-files. If a simple system name is given, it will select a port
-appropriate for that system. The `-p', `--port', `-l', `--line', `-s',
-and `--speed' options may be used to control the port selection.
-
- When a connection is made to the remote system, `cu' forks into two
-processes. One reads from the port and writes to the terminal, while
-the other reads from the terminal and writes to the port.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: cu Commands, Next: cu Variables, Prev: cu Description, Up: Invoking cu
-
-cu Commands
------------
-
- The `cu' program provides several commands that may be used during
-the conversation. The commands all begin with an escape character,
-which by default is `~' (tilde). The escape character is only
-recognized at the beginning of a line. To send an escape character to
-the remote system at the start of a line, it must be entered twice. All
-commands are either a single character or a word beginning with `%'
-(percent sign).
-
- The `cu' program recognizes the following commands.
-
-`~.'
- Terminate the conversation.
-
-`~! command'
- Run command in a shell. If command is empty, starts up a shell.
-
-`~$ command'
- Run command, sending the standard output to the remote system.
-
-`~| command'
- Run command, taking the standard input from the remote system.
-
-`~+ command'
- Run command, taking the standard input from the remote system and
- sending the standard output to the remote system.
-
-`~#, ~%break'
- Send a break signal, if possible.
-
-`~c directory, ~%cd directory'
- Change the local directory.
-
-`~> file'
- Send a file to the remote system. This just dumps the file over
- the communication line. It is assumed that the remote system is
- expecting it.
-
-`~<'
- Receive a file from the remote system. This prompts for the local
- file name and for the remote command to execute to begin the file
- transfer. It continues accepting data until the contents of the
- `eofread' variable are seen.
-
-`~p from to'
-`~%put from to'
- Send a file to a remote Unix system. This runs the appropriate
- commands on the remote system.
-
-`~t from to'
-`~%take from to'
- Retrieve a file from a remote Unix system. This runs the
- appropriate commands on the remote system.
-
-`~s variable value'
- Set a `cu' variable to the given value. If value is not given, the
- variable is set to `true'.
-
-`~! variable'
- Set a `cu' variable to `false'.
-
-`~z'
- Suspend the cu session. This is only supported on some systems.
- On systems for which `^Z' may be used to suspend a job, `~^Z' will
- also suspend the session.
-
-`~%nostop'
- Turn off XON/XOFF handling.
-
-`~%stop'
- Turn on XON/XOFF handling.
-
-`~v'
- List all the variables and their values.
-
-`~?'
- List all commands.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: cu Variables, Next: cu Options, Prev: cu Commands, Up: Invoking cu
-
-cu Variables
-------------
-
- The `cu' program also supports several variables. They may be
-listed with the `~v' command, and set with the `~s' or `~!' commands.
-
-`escape'
- The escape character. The default is `~' (tilde).
-
-`delay'
- If this variable is true, `cu' will delay for a second, after
- recognizing the escape character, before printing the name of the
- local system. The default is true.
-
-`eol'
- The list of characters which are considered to finish a line. The
- escape character is only recognized after one of these is seen.
- The default is `carriage return', `^U', `^C', `^O', `^D', `^S',
- `^Q', `^R'.
-
-`binary'
- Whether to transfer binary data when sending a file. If this is
- false, then newlines in the file being sent are converted to
- carriage returns. The default is false.
-
-`binary-prefix'
- A string used before sending a binary character in a file
- transfer, if the `binary' variable is true. The default is `^V'.
-
-`echo-check'
- Whether to check file transfers by examining what the remote system
- echoes back. This probably doesn't work very well. The default is
- false.
-
-`echonl'
- The character to look for after sending each line in a file. The
- default is carriage return.
-
-`timeout'
- The timeout to use, in seconds, when looking for a character,
- either when doing echo checking or when looking for the `echonl'
- character. The default is 30.
-
-`kill'
- The character to use delete a line if the echo check fails. The
- default is `^U'.
-
-`resend'
- The number of times to resend a line if the echo check continues to
- fail. The default is 10.
-
-`eofwrite'
- The string to write after sending a file with the `~>' command.
- The default is `^D'.
-
-`eofread'
- The string to look for when receiving a file with the ` ~<'
- command. The default is `$', which is intended to be a typical
- shell prompt.
-
-`verbose'
- Whether to print accumulated information during a file transfer.
- The default is true.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: cu Options, Prev: cu Variables, Up: Invoking cu
-
-cu Options
-----------
-
- The following options may be given to `cu'.
-
-`-e'
-`--parity=even'
- Use even parity.
-
-`-o'
-`--parity=odd'
- Use odd parity.
-
-`--parity=none'
- Use no parity. No parity is also used if both `-e' and `-o' are
- given.
-
-`-h'
-`--halfduplex'
- Echo characters locally (half-duplex mode).
-
-`--nostop'
- Turn off XON/XOFF handling (it is on by default).
-
-`-E char'
-`--escape char'
- Set the escape character. Initially `~' (tilde). To eliminate the
- escape character, use `-E '''.
-
-`-z system'
-`--system system'
- The system to call.
-
-`-c phone-number'
-`--phone phone-number'
- The phone number to call.
-
-`-p port'
-`-a port'
-`--port port'
- Name the port to use.
-
-`-l line'
-`--line line'
- Name the line to use by giving a device name. This may be used to
- dial out on ports that are not listed in the UUCP configuration
- files. Write access to the device is required.
-
-`-s speed'
-`-#'
-`--speed speed'
- The speed (baud rate) to use. Here, `-#' means an actual number;
- e.g., `-9600'.
-
-`-n'
-`--prompt'
- Prompt for the phone number to use.
-
-`-d'
- Enter debugging mode. Equivalent to `--debug all'.
-
-`-x type'
-`--debug type'
-`-I file'
-`--config file'
-`-v'
-`--version'
-`--help'
- *Note Standard Options::.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uucico, Next: Invoking uuxqt, Prev: Invoking cu, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-
-Invoking uucico
-===============
-
-* Menu:
-
-* uucico Description:: Description of uucico
-* uucico Options:: Options Supported by uucico
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: uucico Description, Next: uucico Options, Prev: Invoking uucico, Up: Invoking uucico
-
-uucico Description
-------------------
-
- uucico [options]
-
- The `uucico' daemon processes file transfer requests queued by
-`uucp' and `uux'. It is started when `uucp' or `uux' is run (unless
-they are given the `-r' or `--nouucico' options). It is also typically
-started periodically using entries in the `crontab' table(s).
-
- When `uucico' is invoked with `-r1', `--master', `-s', `--system',
-or `-S', the daemon will place a call to a remote system, running in
-master mode. Otherwise the daemon will start in slave mode, accepting
-a call from a remote system. Typically a special login name will be
-set up for UUCP which automatically invokes `uucico' when a remote
-system calls in and logs in under that name.
-
- When `uucico' terminates, it invokes the `uuxqt' daemon, unless the
-`-q' or `--nouuxqt' options were given; `uuxqt' executes any work
-orders created by `uux' on a remote system, and any work orders created
-locally which have received remote files for which they were waiting.
-
- If a call fails, `uucico' will normally refuse to retry the call
-until a certain (configurable) amount of time has passed. This may be
-overriden by the `-f', `--force', or `-S' options.
-
- The `-l', `--prompt', `-e', or `--loop' options may be used to force
-`uucico' to produce its own prompts of `login: ' and `Password:'. When
-another `uucico' daemon calls in, it will see these prompts and log in
-as usual. The login name and password will normally be checked against
-a separate list kept specially for `uucico', rather than the
-`/etc/passwd' file (*note Configuration File Names::). It is possible,
-on some systems, to configure `uucico' to use `/etc/passwd'. The `-l'
-or `--prompt' options will prompt once and then exit; in this mode the
-UUCP administrator, or the superuser, may use the `-u' or `--login'
-option to force a login name, in which case `uucico' will not prompt
-for one. The `-e' or `--loop' options will prompt again after the
-first session is over; in this mode `uucico' will permanently control a
-port.
-
- If `uucico' receives a `SIGQUIT', `SIGTERM' or `SIGPIPE' signal, it
-will cleanly abort any current conversation with a remote system and
-exit. If it receives a `SIGHUP' signal it will abort any current
-conversation, but will continue to place calls to (if invoked with
-`-r1' or `--master') and accept calls from (if invoked with `-e' or
-`--loop') other systems. If it receives a `SIGINT' signal it will
-finish the current conversation, but will not place or accept any more
-calls.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: uucico Options, Prev: uucico Description, Up: Invoking uucico
-
-uucico Options
---------------
-
- The following options may be given to `uucico'.
-
-`-r1'
-`--master'
- Start in master mode: call out to a remote system. Implied by
- `-s', `--system', or `-S'. If no system is specified,
- sequentially call every system for which work is waiting to be
- done.
-
-`-r0'
-`--slave'
- Start in slave mode. This is the default.
-
-`-s system'
-`--system system'
- Call the specified system.
-
-`-S system'
- Call the specified system, ignoring any required wait. This is
- equivalent to `-s system -f'.
-
-`-f'
-`--force'
- Ignore any required wait for any systems to be called.
-
-`-l'
-`--prompt'
- Prompt for login name and password using `login: ' and
- `Password:'. This allows `uucico' to be easily run from `inetd'.
- The login name and password are checked against the UUCP password
- file, which need not be `/etc/passwd'. The `--login' option may
- be used to force a login name, in which cause `uucico' will only
- prompt for a password.
-
-`-p port'
-`--port port'
- Specify a port to call out on or to listen to.
-
-`-e'
-`--loop'
- Enter an endless loop of login/password prompts and slave mode
- daemon execution. The program will not stop by itself; you must
- use `kill' to shut it down.
-
-`-w'
-`--wait'
- After calling out (to a particular system when `-s', `--system',
- or `-S' is specifed, or to all systems which have work when just
- `-r1' or `--master' is specifed), begin an endless loop as with
- `--loop'.
-
-`-q'
-`--nouuxqt'
- Do not start the `uuxqt' daemon when finished.
-
-`-c'
-`--quiet'
- If no calls are permitted at this time, then don't make the call,
- but also do not put an error message in the log file and do not
- update the system status (as reported by `uustat'). This can be
- convenient for automated polling scripts, which may want to simply
- attempt to call every system rather than worry about which
- particular systems may be called at the moment. This option also
- suppresses the log message indicating that there is no work to be
- done.
-
-`-C'
-`--ifwork'
- Only call the system named by `-s', `--system', or `-S' if there
- is work for that system.
-
-`-D'
-`--nodetach'
- Do not detach from the controlling terminal. Normally `uucico'
- detaches from the terminal before each call out to another system
- and before invoking `uuxqt'. This option prevents this.
-
-`-u name'
-`--login name'
- Set the login name to use instead of that of the invoking user.
- This option may only be used by the UUCP administrator or the
- superuser. If used with `--prompt', this will cause `uucico' to
- prompt only for the password, not the login name.
-
-`-z'
-`--try-next'
- If a call fails after the remote system is reached, try the next
- alternate rather than simply exiting.
-
-`-i type'
-`--stdin type'
- Set the type of port to use when using standard input. The only
- supported port type is TLI, and this is only available on machines
- which support the TLI networking interface. Specifying `-i TLI'
- causes `uucico' to use TLI calls to perform I/O.
-
-`-X type'
- Same as the standard option `-x type'. Provided for historical
- compatibility.
-
-`-x type'
-`--debug type'
-`-I file'
-`--config file'
-`-v'
-`--version'
-`--help'
- *Note Standard Options::.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuxqt, Next: Invoking uuchk, Prev: Invoking uucico, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-
-Invoking uuxqt
-==============
-
- uuxqt [-c command] [-s system] [--command command] [--system system]
-
- The `uuxqt' daemon executes commands requested by `uux' from either
-the local system or from remote systems. It is started automatically
-by the `uucico' daemon (unless `uucico' is given the `-q' or
-`--nouuxqt' options).
-
- There is normally no need to run `uuxqt', since it will be invoked
-by `uucico'. However, `uuxqt' can be invoked directly to provide
-greater control over the processing of the work queue.
-
- Multiple invocations of `uuxqt' may be run at once, as controlled by
-the `max-uuxqts' configuration command; see *Note Miscellaneous
-(config)::.
-
- The following options may be given to `uuxqt'.
-
-`-c command'
-`--command command'
- Only execute requests for the specified command. For example,
- `uuxqt --command rmail'.
-
-`-s system'
-`--system system'
- Only execute requests originating from the specified system.
-
-`-x type'
-`--debug type'
-`-I file'
-`--config'
-`-v'
-`--version'
-`--help'
- *Note Standard Options::.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuchk, Next: Invoking uuconv, Prev: Invoking uuxqt, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-
-Invoking uuchk
-==============
-
- uuchk [-s system] [--system system]
-
- The `uuchk' program displays information read from the UUCP
-configuration files. It should be used to ensure that UUCP has been
-configured correctly.
-
- The `-s' or `--system' options may be used to display the
-configuration for just the specified system, rather than for all
-systems. The `uuchk' program also supports the standard UUCP program
-options; see *Note Standard Options::.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuconv, Next: Invoking uusched, Prev: Invoking uuchk, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-
-Invoking uuconv
-===============
-
- uuconv -i type -o type [-p program] [--program program]
- uuconv --input type --output type [-p program] [--program program]
-
- The `uuconv' program converts UUCP configuration files from one
-format to another. The type of configuration file to read is specified
-using the `-i' or `--input' options. The type of configuration file to
-write is specified using the `-o' or `--output' options.
-
- The supported configuration file types are `taylor', `v2', and
-`hdb'. For a description of the `taylor' configuration files, see
-*Note Configuration Files::. The other types of configuration files
-are used by traditional UUCP packages, and are not described in this
-manual.
-
- An input configuration of type `v2' or `hdb' is read from a compiled
-in directory (specified by `oldconfigdir' in `Makefile'). An input
-configuration of type `taylor' is read from a compiled in directory by
-default, but may be overridden with the standard `-I' or `--config'
-options (*note Standard Options::).
-
- The output configuration is written to files in the directory in
-which `uuconv' is run.
-
- Some information in the input files may not be representable in the
-desired output format, in which case `uuconv' will silently discard it.
-The output of `uuconv' should be carefully checked before it is used.
-The `uuchk' program may be used for this purpose; see *Note Invoking
-uuchk::.
-
- The `-p' or `--program' option may be used to convert specific `cu'
-configuration information, rather than the default of only converting
-the `uucp' configuration information; see *Note config File::.
-
- The `uuchk' program also supports the standard UUCP program options;
-see *Note Standard Options::.
+File: uucp.info, Node: j Protocol, Next: x Protocol, Prev: i Protocol, Up: Protocols
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uusched, Prev: Invoking uuconv, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+6.12 UUCP `j' Protocol
+======================
-Invoking uusched
-================
+The `j' protocol is a variant of the `i' protocol. It was also written
+by Ian Lance Taylor, and first appeared in Taylor UUCP version 1.04.
- The `uusched' program is actually just a shell script which invokes
-the `uucico' daemon. It is provided for backward compatibility. It
-causes `uucico' to call all systems for which there is work. Any
-option which may be given to `uucico' may also be given to `uusched'.
-*Note Invoking uucico::.
+ The `j' protocol is a version of the `i' protocol designed for
+communication links which intercept a few characters, such as XON or
+XOFF. It is not efficient to use it on a link which intercepts many
+characters, such as a seven bit link. The `j' protocol performs no
+error correction or detection; that is presumed to be the responsibility
+of the `i' protocol.
+
+ When the `j' protocol starts up, each system sends a printable ASCII
+string indicating which characters it wants to avoid using. The string
+begins with the ASCII character `^' (octal 136) and ends with the ASCII
+character `~' (octal 176). After sending this string, each system
+looks for the corresponding string from the remote system. The strings
+are composed of escape sequences: `\ooo', where `o' is an octal digit.
+For example, sending the string `^\021\023~' means that the ASCII XON
+and XOFF characters should be avoided. The union of the characters
+described in both strings (the string which is sent and the string
+which is received) is the set of characters which must be avoided in
+this conversation. Avoiding a printable ASCII character (octal 040 to
+octal 176, inclusive) is not permitted.
+
+ After the exchange of characters to avoid, the normal `i' protocol
+start up is done, and the rest of the conversation uses the normal `i'
+protocol. However, each `i' protocol packet is wrapped to become a `j'
+protocol packet.
+
+ Each `j' protocol packet consists of a seven byte header, followed
+by data bytes, followed by index bytes, followed by a one byte trailer.
+The packet header looks like this:
+
+`^'
+ Every packet begins with the ASCII character `^', octal 136.
+
+HIGH
+LOW
+ These two characters give the total number of bytes in the packet.
+ Both HIGH and LOW are printable ASCII characters. The length of
+ the packet is `(HIGH - 040) * 0100 + (LOW - 040)', where `040 <=
+ HIGH < 0177' and `040 <= LOW < 0140'. This permits a length of
+ 6079 bytes, but there is a further restriction on packet size
+ described below.
+
+`='
+ The ASCII character `=', octal 075.
+
+DATA-HIGH
+DATA-LOW
+ These two characters give the total number of data bytes in the
+ packet. The encoding is as described for HIGH and LOW. The number
+ of data bytes is the size of the `i' protocol packet wrapped inside
+ this `j' protocol packet.
+
+`@'
+ The ASCII character `@', octal 100.
+
+ The header is followed by the number of data bytes given in
+DATA-HIGH and DATA-LOW. These data bytes are the `i' protocol packet
+which is being wrapped in the `j' protocol packet. However, each
+character in the `i' protocol packet which the `j' protocol must avoid
+is transformed into a printable ASCII character (recall that avoiding a
+printable ASCII character is not permitted). Two index bytes are used
+for each character which must be transformed.
+
+ The index bytes immediately follow the data bytes. The index bytes
+are created in pairs. Each pair of index bytes encodes the location of
+a character in the `i' protocol packet which was transformed to become
+a printable ASCII character. Each pair of index bytes also encodes the
+precise transformation which was performed.
+
+ When the sender finds a character which must be avoided, it will
+transform it using one or two operations. If the character is 0200 or
+greater, it will subtract 0200. If the resulting character is less than
+020, or is equal to 0177, it will xor by 020. The result is a printable
+ASCII character.
+
+ The zero based byte index of the character within the `i' protocol
+packet is determined. This index is turned into a two byte printable
+ASCII index, INDEX-HIGH and INDEX-LOW, such that the index is
+`(INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + (INDEX-LOW - 040)'. INDEX-LOW is
+restricted such that `040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100'. INDEX-HIGH is not
+permitted to be 0176, so `040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176'. INDEX-LOW is then
+modified to encode the transformation:
+
+ * If the character transformation only had to subtract 0200, then
+ INDEX-LOW is used as is.
+
+ * If the character transformation only had to xor by 020, then 040
+ is added to INDEX-LOW.
+
+ * If both operations had to be performed, then 0100 is added to
+ INDEX-LOW. However, if the value of INDEX-LOW was initially 077,
+ then adding 0100 would result in 0177, which is not a printable
+ ASCII character. For that special case, INDEX-HIGH is set to
+ 0176, and INDEX-LOW is set to the original value of INDEX-HIGH.
+
+ The receiver decodes the index bytes as follows (this is the reverse
+of the operations performed by the sender, presented here for additional
+clarity):
+
+ * The first byte in the index is INDEX-HIGH, and the second is
+ INDEX-LOW.
+
+ * If `040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176', the index refers to the data byte
+ at position `(INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + INDEX-LOW % 040'.
+
+ * If `040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100', then 0200 must be added to indexed
+ byte.
+
+ * If `0100 <= INDEX-LOW < 0140', then 020 must be xor'ed to the
+ indexed byte.
+
+ * If `0140 <= INDEX-LOW < 0177', then 0200 must be added to the
+ indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte.
+
+ * If `INDEX-HIGH == 0176', the index refers to the data byte at
+ position `(INDEX-LOW - 040) * 040 + 037'. 0200 must be added to
+ the indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte.
+
+ This means the largest `i' protocol packet which may be wrapped
+inside a `j' protocol packet is `(0175 - 040) * 040 + (077 - 040) ==
+3007' bytes.
+
+ The final character in a `j' protocol packet, following the index
+bytes, is the ASCII character `~' (octal 176).
+
+ The motivation behind using an indexing scheme, rather than escape
+characters, is to avoid data movement. The sender may simply add a
+header and a trailer to the `i' protocol packet. Once the receiver has
+loaded the `j' protocol packet, it may scan the index bytes,
+transforming the data bytes, and then pass the data bytes directly on to
+the `i' protocol routine.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: x Protocol, Next: y Protocol, Prev: j Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.13 UUCP `x' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `x' protocol is used in Europe (and probably elsewhere) with
+machines that contain an builtin X.25 card and can send eight bit data
+transparently across X.25 circuits, without interference from the X.28
+or X.29 layers. The protocol sends packets of 512 bytes, and relies on
+a write of zero bytes being read as zero bytes without stopping
+communication. It first appeared in the original System V UUCP
+implementation.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: y Protocol, Next: d Protocol, Prev: x Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.14 UUCP `y' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `y' protocol was developed by Jorge Cwik for use in FX UUCICO, a PC
+uucico program. It is designed for communication lines which handle
+error correction and flow control. It requires an eight bit clean
+connection. It performs error detection, but not error correction:
+when an error is detected, the line is dropped. It is a streaming
+protocol, like the `f' protocol; there are no packet acknowledgements,
+so the protocol is efficient over a half-duplex communication line such
+as PEP.
+
+ Every packet contains a six byte header:
+
+sequence low byte
+sequence high byte
+ A two byte sequence number, in little endian order. The first
+ sequence number is 0. Since the first packet is always a sync
+ packet (described below) the sequence number of the first data
+ packet is always 1. Each system counts sequence numbers
+ independently.
+
+length low byte
+length high byte
+ A two byte data length, in little endian order. If the high bit
+ of the sixteen bit field is clear, this is the number of data
+ bytes which follow the six byte header. If the high bit is set,
+ there is no data, and the length field is a type of control packet.
+
+checksum low byte
+checksum high byte
+ A two byte checksum, in little endian order. The checksum is
+ computed over the data bytes. The checksum algorithm is described
+ below. If there are no data bytes, the checksum is sent as 0.
+
+ When the protocol starts up, each side must send a sync packet.
+This is a packet with a normal six byte header followed by data. The
+sequence number of the sync packet should be 0. Currently at least
+four bytes of data must be sent with the sync packet. Additional bytes
+should be ignored. They are defined as follows:
+
+version
+ The version number of the protocol. Currently this must be 1.
+ Larger numbers should be ignored; it is the responsibility of the
+ newer version to accommodate the older one.
+
+packet size
+ The maximum data length to use divided by 256. This is sent as a
+ single byte. The maximum data length permitted is 32768, which
+ would be sent as 128. Customarily both systems will use the same
+ maximum data length, the lower of the two requested.
+
+flags low byte
+flags high byte
+ Two bytes of flags. None are currently defined. These bytes
+ should be sent as 0, and ignored by the receiver.
+
+ A length field with the high bit set is a control packet. The
+following control packet types are defined:
+
+0xfffe `YPKT_ACK'
+ Acknowledges correct receipt of a file.
+
+0xfffd `YPKT_ERR'
+ Indicates an incorrect checksum.
+
+0xfffc `YPKT_BAD'
+ Indicates a bad sequence number, an invalid length, or some other
+ error.
+
+ If a control packet other than `YPKT_ACK' is received, the
+connection is dropped. If a checksum error is detected for a received
+packet, a `YPKT_ERR' control packet is sent, and the connection is
+dropped. If a packet is received out of sequence, a `YPKT_BAD' control
+packet is sent, and the connection is dropped.
+
+ The checksum is initialized to 0xffff. For each data byte in a
+packet it is modified as follows (where B is the byte before it has been
+transformed as described above):
+
+ /* Rotate the checksum left. */
+ if ((ichk & 0x8000) == 0)
+ ichk <<= 1;
+ else
+ {
+ ichk <<= 1;
+ ++ichk;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the next byte into the checksum. */
+ ichk += B;
+
+ This is the same algorithm as that used by the `f' protocol.
+
+ A command is sent as a sequence of data packets followed by a null
+byte. In the normal case, a command will fit into a single packet.
+The packet should be exactly the length of the command plus a null
+byte. If the command is too long, more packets are sent as required.
+
+ A file is sent as a sequence of data packets, ending with a zero
+length packet. The data packets may be of any length greater than zero
+and less than or equal to the maximum permitted packet size specified
+in the initial sync packet.
+
+ After the zero length packet ending a file transfer has been
+received, the receiving system sends a `YPKT_ACK' control packet. The
+sending system waits for the `YPKT_ACK' control packet before
+continuing; this wait should be done with a large timeout, since there
+may be a considerable amount of data buffered on the communication path.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: d Protocol, Next: h Protocol, Prev: y Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.15 UUCP `d' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `d' protocol is apparently used for DataKit muxhost (not RS-232)
+connections. No file size is sent. When a file has been completely
+transferred, a write of zero bytes is done; this must be read as zero
+bytes on the other end.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: h Protocol, Next: v Protocol, Prev: d Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.16 UUCP `h' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `h' protocol is apparently used in some places with HST modems. It
+does no error checking, and is not that different from the `t'
+protocol. I don't know the details.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: v Protocol, Prev: h Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.17 UUCP `v' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `v' protocol is used by UUPC/extended, a PC UUCP program. It is
+simply a version of the `g' protocol which supports packets of any
+size, and also supports sending packets of different sizes during the
+same conversation. There are many `g' protocol implementations which
+support both, but there are also many which do not. Using `v' ensures
+that everything is supported.

-File: uucp.info, Node: Installing Taylor UUCP, Next: Using Taylor UUCP, Prev: Invoking the UUCP Programs, Up: Top
+File: uucp.info, Node: Hacking, Next: Acknowledgements, Prev: Protocols, Up: Top
-Installing Taylor UUCP
-**********************
+7 Hacking Taylor UUCP
+*********************
- These are the installation instructions for the Taylor UUCP package.
+This chapter provides the briefest of guides to the Taylor UUCP source
+code itself.
* Menu:
-* Compilation:: Compiling Taylor UUCP
-* Testing the Compilation:: Testing the Compilation
-* Installing the Binaries:: Installing the Binaries
-* Configuration:: Configuring Taylor UUCP
-* Testing the Installation:: Testing the Installation
+* System Dependence:: System Dependence
+* Naming Conventions:: Naming Conventions
+* Patches:: Patches

-File: uucp.info, Node: Compilation, Next: Testing the Compilation, Prev: Installing Taylor UUCP, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+File: uucp.info, Node: System Dependence, Next: Naming Conventions, Prev: Hacking, Up: Hacking
-Compiling Taylor UUCP
+7.1 System Dependence
=====================
- If you have a source code distribution, you must first compile it for
-your system. Free versions of Unix, such as Linux, NetBSD, or FreeBSD,
-often come with pre-compiled binary distributions of UUCP. If you are
-using a binary distribution, you may skip to the configuration section
-(*note Configuration::).
-
- Follow these steps to compile the source code.
-
- 1. Take a look at the top of `Makefile.in' and set the appropriate
- values for your system. These control where the programs are
- installed and which user on the system owns them (normally they
- will be owned by a special user `uucp' rather than a real person;
- they should probably not be owned by `root').
-
- 2. Run the shell script `configure'. This script was generated using
- the `autoconf' program written by David MacKenzie of the Free
- Software Foundation. It takes a while to run. It will generate
- the file `config.h' based on `config.h.in', and, for each source
- code directory, will generate `Makefile' based on `Makefile.in'.
-
- You can pass certain arguments to `configure' in the environment.
- Because `configure' will compile little test programs to see what
- is available on your system, you must tell it how to run your
- compiler. It recognizes the following environment variables:
-
- `CC'
- The C compiler. If this is not set, then if `configure' can
- find `gcc' it will use it, otherwise it will use `cc'.
-
- `CFLAGS'
- Flags to pass to the C compiler when compiling the actual
- code. If this is not set, `configure' will use `-g'.
-
- `LDFLAGS'
- Flags to pass to the C compiler when only linking, not
- compiling. If this is not set, `configure' will use the
- empty string.
-
- `LIBS'
- Libraries to pass to the C compiler. If this is not set,
- `configure' will use the empty string.
-
- `INSTALL'
- The program to run to install UUCP in the binary directory.
- If this is not set, then if `configure' finds the BSD
- `install' program, it will set this to `install -c';
- otherwise, it will use `cp'.
-
- Suppose, for example, you want to set the environment variable `CC'
- to `rcc'. If you are using `sh', `bash', or `ksh', invoke
- `configure' as `CC=rcc configure'. If you are using `csh', do
- `setenv CC rcc; sh configure'.
-
- On some systems you will want to use `LIBS=-lmalloc'. On Xenix
- derived versions of Unix do not use `LIBS=-lx' because this will
- bring in the wrong versions of certain routines; if you want to use
- `-lx' you must specify `LIBS=-lc -lx'.
-
- You can also pass other arguments to `configure' on the command
- line. Use `configure --help' for a complete list. Of particular
- interest:
- `--prefix=DIRNAME'
- The directory under which all files are installed. Default
- `/usr/local'.
-
- `--with-newconfigdir=DIRNAME'
- The directory in which to find new style configuration files.
- Default `PREFIX/conf/uucp'.
-
- `--with-oldconfigdir=DIRNAME'
- The directory in which to find old style configuration files.
- Default `/usr/lib/uucp'.
-
- If `configure' fails for some reason, or if you have a very weird
- system, you may have to configure the package by hand. To do
- this, copy the file `config.h.in' to `config.h' and edit it for
- your system. Then for each source directory (the top directory,
- and the subdirectories `lib', `unix', and `uuconf') copy
- `Makefile.in' to `Makefile', find the words within `@' characters,
- and set them correctly for your system.
-
- 3. Igor V. Semenyuk provided this (lightly edited) note about ISC
- Unix 3.0. The `configure' script will default to passing `-posix'
- to `gcc'. However, using `-posix' changes the environment to
- POSIX, and on ISC 3.0, at least, the default for `POSIX_NO_TRUNC'
- is 1. This can lead to a problem when `uuxqt' executes `rmail'.
- `IDA sendmail' has dbm configuration files named
- `mailertable.{dir,pag}'. Notice these names are 15 characters
- long. When `uuxqt' compiled with the `-posix' executes `rmail',
- which in turn executes `sendmail', the later is run under the
- POSIX environment too. This leads to `sendmail' bombing out with
- `'error opening 'M' database: name too long' (mailertable.dir)'.
- It's rather obscure behaviour, and it took me a day to find out
- the cause. I don't use the `-posix' switch; instead, I run `gcc'
- with `-D_POSIX_SOURCE', and add `-lcposix' to `LIBS'.
-
- 4. On some versions of BSDI there is a bug in the shell which causes
- the default value for `CFLAGS' to be set incorrectly. If `echo
- ${CFLAGS--g}' echoes `g' rather than `-g', then you must set
- `CFLAGS' in the environment before running configure. There is a
- patch available from BSDI for this bug. (Reported by David Vrona).
-
- 5. On AIX 3.2.5, and possibly other versions, `cc -E' does not work,
- reporting `Option NOROCONST is not valid'. Test this before
- running configure by doing something like `touch /tmp/foo.c; cc -E
- /tmp/foo.c'. This may give a warning about the file being empty,
- but it should not give the `Option NOROCONST' warning. The
- workaround is to remove the `,noroconst' entry from the `options'
- clause in the `cc' stanza in `/etc/xlc.cfg'. (Reported by Chris
- Lewis).
-
- 6. You should verify that `configure' worked correctly by checking
- `config.h' and the instances of `Makefile'.
-
- 7. Edit `policy.h' for your local system. The comments explain the
- various choices. The default values are intended to be
- reasonable, so you may not have to make any changes.
-
- You must decide what type of configuration files to use; for more
- information on the choices, see *Note Configuration::.
-
- You must also decide what sort of spool directory you want to use.
- If this is a new installation, I recommend `SPOOLDIR_TAYLOR';
- otherwise, select the spool directory corresponding to your
- existing UUCP package.
-
- 8. Type `make' to compile everything.
-
- The `tstuu.c' file is not particularly portable; if you can't
- figure out how to compile it you can safely ignore it, as it is
- only used for testing. To use STREAMS pseudo-terminals, tstuu.c
- must be compiled with `-DHAVE_STREAMS_PTYS'; this is not
- determined by the configure script.
-
- If you have any other problems there is probably a bug in the
- `configure' script.
-
- 9. Please report any problems you have. That is the only way they
- will get fixed for other people. Supply a patch if you can (*note
- Patches::), or just ask for help.
-
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Testing the Compilation, Next: Installing the Binaries, Prev: Compilation, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
-
-Testing the Compilation
-=======================
-
- If your system supports pseudo-terminals, and you compiled the code
-to support the new style of configuration files (`HAVE_TAYLOR_CONFIG'
-was set to 1 in `policy.h'), you should be able to use the `tstuu'
-program to test the `uucico' daemon. If your system supports STREAMS
-based pseudo-terminals, you must compile tstuu.c with
-`-DHAVE_STREAMS_PTYS'. (The STREAMS based code was contributed by Marc
-Boucher).
-
- To run `tstuu', just type `tstuu' with no arguments. You must run
-it in the compilation directory, since it runs `./uucp', `./uux' and
-`./uucico'. The `tstuu' program will run a lengthy series of tests (it
-takes over ten minutes on a slow VAX). You will need a fair amount of
-space available in `/usr/tmp'. You will probably want to put it in the
-background. Do not use `^Z', because the program traps on `SIGCHLD'
-and winds up dying. The `tstuu' program will create a directory
-`/usr/tmp/tstuu' and fill it with configuration files, and create spool
-directories `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' and `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool2'.
-
- If your system does not support the `FIONREAD' call, the `tstuu'
-program will run very slowly. This may or may not get fixed in a later
-version.
-
- The `tstuu' program will finish with an execute file named
-`X.SOMETHING' and a data file named `D.SOMETHING' in the directory
-`/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' (or, more likely, in subdirectories, depending
-on the choice of `SPOOLDIR' in `policy.h'). Two log files will be
-created in the directory `/usr/tmp/tstuu'. They will be named `Log1'
-and `Log2', or, if you have selected `HAVE_HDB_LOGGING' in `policy.h',
-`Log1/uucico/test2' and `Log2/uucico/test1'. There should be no errors
-in the log files.
-
- You can test `uuxqt' with `./uuxqt -I /usr/tmp/tstuu/Config1'. This
-should leave a command file `C.SOMETHING' and a data file `D.SOMETHING'
-in `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' or in subdirectories. Again, there should
-be no errors in the log file.
-
- Assuming you compiled the code with debugging enabled, the `-x'
-switch can be used to set debugging modes; see the `debug' command for
-details (*note Debugging Levels::). Use `-x all' to turn on all
-debugging and generate far more output than you will ever want to see.
-The `uucico' daemons will put debugging output in the files `Debug1'
-and `Debug2' in the directory `/usr/tmp/tstuu'. After that, you're
-pretty much on your own.
-
- On some systems you can also use `tstuu' to test `uucico' against
-the system `uucico', by using the `-u' switch. For this to work,
-change the definitions of `ZUUCICO_CMD' and `UUCICO_EXECL' at the top
-of `tstuu.c' to something appropriate for your system. The definitions
-in `tstuu.c' are what I used for Ultrix 4.0, on which
-`/usr/lib/uucp/uucico' is particularly obstinate about being run as a
-child; I was only able to run it by creating a login name with no
-password whose shell was `/usr/lib/uucp/uucico'. Calling login in this
-way will leave fake entries in `wtmp' and `utmp'; if you compile
-`tstout.c' (in the `contrib' directory) as a setuid `root' program,
-`tstuu' will run it to clear those entries out. On most systems, such
-hackery should not be necessary, although on SCO I had to su to `root'
-(`uucp' might also have worked) before I could run
-`/usr/lib/uucp/uucico'.
-
- You can test `uucp' and `uux' (give them the `-r' switch to keep
-them from starting `uucico') to make sure they create the right sorts
-of files. Unfortunately, if you don't know what the right sorts of
-files are, I'm not going to tell you here.
-
- If you can not run `tstuu', or if it fails inexplicably, don't worry
-about it too much. On some systems `tstuu' will fail because of
-problems using pseudo terminals, which will not matter in normal use.
-The real test of the package is talking to another system.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Installing the Binaries, Next: Configuration, Prev: Testing the Compilation, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+The code is carefully segregated into a system independent portion and a
+system dependent portion. The system dependent code is in the `unix'
+subdirectory, and also in the file `sysh.unx' (also known as
+`sysdep.h').
-Installing the Binaries
-=======================
+ With the right configuration parameters, the system independent code
+calls only ANSI C functions. Some of the less common ANSI C functions
+are also provided in the `lib' directory. The replacement function
+`strtol' in `lib/strtol.c' assumes that the characters `A' to `F' and
+`a' to `f' appear in strictly sequential order. The function
+`igradecmp' in `uuconf/grdcmp.c' assumes that the upper and lower case
+letters appear in order. Both assumptions are true for ASCII and
+EBCDIC, but neither is guaranteed by ANSI C. Disregarding these
+caveats, I believe that the system independent portion of the code is
+strictly conforming.
- You can install the executable files by becoming `root' and typing
-`make install'. Or you can look at what `make install' does and do it
-by hand. It tries to preserve your old programs, if any, but it only
-does this the first time Taylor UUCP is installed (so that if you
-install several versions of Taylor UUCP, you can still go back to your
-original UUCP programs). You can retrieve the original programs by
-typing `make uninstall'.
-
- Note that by default the programs are compiled with debugging
-information, and they are not stripped when they are installed. You may
-want to strip the installed programs to save disk space. For more
-information, see your system documentation for the `strip' program.
+ That's not too exciting, since all the work is done in the system
+dependent code. I think that this code can conform to POSIX 1003.1,
+given the right compilation parameters. I'm a bit less certain about
+this, though.
- Of course, simply installing the executable files is not enough. You
-must also arrange for them to be used correctly.
+ The code has been used on a 16 bit segmented system with no function
+prototypes, so I'm fairly certain that all casts to long and pointers
+are done when necessary.

-File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration, Next: Testing the Installation, Prev: Installing the Binaries, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
-
-Configuring Taylor UUCP
-=======================
+File: uucp.info, Node: Naming Conventions, Next: Patches, Prev: System Dependence, Up: Hacking
- You will have to decide what types of configuration files you want to
-use. This package supports a new sort of configuration file; see *Note
-Configuration Files::. It also supports V2 configuration files
-(`L.sys', `L-devices', etc.) and HDB configuration files (`Systems',
-`Devices', etc.). No documentation is provided for V2 or HDB
-configuration files. All types of configuration files can be used at
-once, if you are so inclined. Currently using just V2 configuration
-files is not really possible, because there is no way to specify a
-dialer (there are no built in dialers, and the program does not know
-how to read `acucap' or `modemcap'); however, V2 configuration files
-can be used with a new style dial file (*note dial File::), or with a
-HDB `Dialers' file.
-
- Use of HDB configuration files has two known bugs. A blank line in
-the middle of an entry in the `Permissions' file will not be ignored as
-it should be. Dialer programs, as found in some versions of HDB, are
-not recognized directly. If you must use a dialer program, rather than
-an entry in `Devices', you must use the `chat-program' command in a new
-style dial file; see *Note dial File::. You will have to invoke the
-dialer program via a shell script or another program, since an exit
-code of 0 is required to recognize success; the `dialHDB' program in
-the `contrib' directory may be used for this purpose.
-
- The `uuconv' (*note Invoking uuconv::) program can be used to
-convert from V2 or HDB configuration files to the new style (it can also
-do the reverse translation, if you are so inclined). It will not do all
-of the work, and the results should be carefully checked, but it can be
-quite useful.
-
- If you are installing a new system, you will, of course, have to
-write the configuration files; see *Note Configuration Files:: for
-details on how to do this.
+7.2 Naming Conventions
+======================
- After writing the configuration files, use the `uuchk' program to
-verify that they are what you expect; see *Note Invoking uuchk::.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Testing the Installation, Prev: Configuration, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+I use a modified Hungarian naming convention for my variables and
+functions. As with all naming conventions, the code is rather opaque if
+you are not familiar with it, but becomes clear and easy to use with
+time.
-Testing the Installation
-========================
-
- After you have written the configuration files, and verified them
-with the `uuchk' program (*note Invoking uuchk::), you must check that
-UUCP can correctly contact another system.
-
- Tell `uucico' to dial out to the system by using the `-s' system
-switch (e.g., `uucico -s uunet'). The log file should tell you what
-happens. The exact location of the log file depends upon the settings
-in `policy.h' when you compiled the program, and on the use of the
-`logfile' command in the `config' file. Typical locations are
-`/usr/spool/uucp/Log' or a subdirectory under `/usr/spool/uucp/.Log'.
-
- If you compiled the code with debugging enabled, you can use
-debugging mode to get a great deal of information about what sort of
-data is flowing back and forth; the various possibilities are described
-with the `debug' command (*note Debugging Levels::). When initially
-setting up a connection `-x chat' is probably the most useful (e.g.,
-`uucico -s uunet -x chat'); you may also want to use `-x
-handshake,incoming,outgoing'. You can use `-x' multiple times on one
-command line, or you can give it comma separated arguments as in the
-last example. Use `-x all' to turn on all possible debugging
-information.
-
- The debugging information is written to a file, normally
-`/usr/spool/uucp/Debug', although the default can be changed in
-`policy.h', and the `config' file can override the default with the
-`debugfile' command. The debugging file may contain passwords and some
-file contents as they are transmitted over the line, so the debugging
-file is only readable by the `uucp' user.
-
- You can use the `-f' switch to force `uucico' to call out even if
-the last call failed recently; using `-S' when naming a system has the
-same effect. Otherwise the status file (in the `.Status' subdirectory
-of the main spool directory, normally `/usr/spool/uucp') (*note Status
-Directory::) will prevent too many attempts from occurring in rapid
-succession.
-
- On older System V based systems which do not have the `setreuid'
-system call, problems may arise if ordinary users can start an execution
-of `uuxqt', perhaps indirectly via `uucp' or `uux'. UUCP jobs may wind
-up executing with a real user ID of the user who invoked `uuxqt', which
-can cause problems if the UUCP job checks the real user ID for security
-purposes. On such systems, it is safest to put `run-uuxqt never'
-(*note Miscellaneous (config)::) in the `config' file, so that `uucico'
-never starts `uuxqt', and invoke `uuxqt' directly from a `crontab' file.
-
- Please let me know about any problems you have and how you got around
-them. If you do report a problem, please include the version number of
-the package you are using, the operating system you are running it on,
-and a sample of the debugging file showing the problem (debugging
-information is usually what is needed, not just the log file). General
-questions such as "why doesn't `uucico' dial out" are impossible to
-answer without much more information.
-
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Using Taylor UUCP, Next: Configuration Files, Prev: Installing Taylor UUCP, Up: Top
+ The first character indicates the type of the variable (or function
+return value). Sometimes additional characters are used. I use the
+following type prefixes:
-Using Taylor UUCP
-*****************
+`a'
+ array; the next character is the type of an element
-* Menu:
+`b'
+ byte or character
-* Calling Other Systems:: Calling Other Systems
-* Accepting Calls:: Accepting Calls
-* Mail and News:: Using UUCP for Mail and News
-* The Spool Directory Layout:: The Spool Directory Layout
-* Spool Directory Cleaning:: Cleaning the UUCP Spool Directory
+`c'
+ count of something
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Calling Other Systems, Next: Accepting Calls, Prev: Using Taylor UUCP, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+`e'
+ stdio FILE *
-Calling Other Systems
-=====================
+`f'
+ boolean
- By default `uucp' and `uux' will automatically start up `uucico' to
-call another system whenever work is queued up. However, the call may
-fail, or you may have put in time restrictions which prevent the call
-at that time (perhaps because telephone rates are high) (*note When to
-Call::). Also, a remote system may have work queued up for your
-system, but may not be calling you for some reason (perhaps you have
-agreed that your system should always place the call). To make sure
-that work gets transferred between the systems withing a reasonable
-time period, you should arrange to periodically invoke `uucico'.
-
- These periodic invocations are normally triggered by entries in the
-`crontab' file. The exact format of `crontab' files, and how new
-entries are added, varies from system to system; check your local
-documentation (try `man cron').
-
- To attempt to call all systems with outstanding work, use the command
-`uucico -r1'. To attempt to call a particular system, use the command
-`uucico -s SYSTEM'. To attempt to call a particular system, but only
-if there is work for it, use the command `uucico -C -s SYSTEM'. (*note
-Invoking uucico::).
-
- A common case is to want to try to call a system at a certain time,
-with periodic retries if the call fails. A simple way to do this is to
-create an empty UUCP command file, known as a "poll file". If a poll
-file exists for a system, then `uucico -r1' will place a call to it.
-If the call succeeds, the poll file will be deleted.
-
- A poll file can be easily created using the `uux' command, by
-requesting the execution of an empty command. To create a poll file for
-SYSTEM, just do something like this:
- uux -r SYSTEM!
- The `-r' tells `uux' to not start up `uucico' immediately. Of
-course, if you do want `uucico' to start up right away, omit the `-r';
-if the call fails, the poll file will be left around to cause a later
-call.
-
- For example, I use the following crontab entries locally:
-
- 45 * * * * /bin/echo /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 | /bin/su uucpa
- 40 4,10,15 * * * /usr/bin/uux -r uunet!
-
- Every hour, at 45 minutes past, this will check if there is any work
-to be done, and, if there is, will call the appropriate system. Also,
-at 4:40am, 10:40am, and 3:40pm, this will create a poll file file for
-`uunet', forcing the next run of `uucico' to call `uunet'.
+`i'
+ generic integer
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Accepting Calls, Next: Mail and News, Prev: Calling Other Systems, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+`l'
+ double
-Accepting Calls
-===============
+`o'
+ file descriptor (as returned by open, creat, etc.)
- To accept calls from another system, you must arrange matters such
-that when that system calls in, it automatically invokes `uucico' on
-your system.
-
- The most common arrangement is to create a special user name and
-password for incoming UUCP calls. This user name typically uses the
-same user ID as the regular `uucp' user (Unix permits several user
-names to share the same user ID). The shell for this user name should
-be set to `uucico'.
-
- Here is a sample `/etc/passwd' line to accept calls from a remote
-system named airs:
- Uairs:PASSWORD:4:8:airs UUCP:/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
- The details may vary on your system. You must use reasonable user
-and group ID's. You must use the correct file name for `uucico'. The
-PASSWORD must appear in the UUCP configuration files on the remote
-system, but will otherwise never be seen or typed by a human.
-
- Note that `uucico' appears as the login shell, and that it will be
-run with no arguments. This means that it will start in slave mode and
-accept an incoming connection. *Note Invoking uucico::.
-
- On some systems, creating an empty file named `.hushlogin' in the
-home directory will skip the printing of various bits of information
-when the remote `uucico' logs in, speeding up the UUCP connection
-process.
-
- For the greatest security, each system which calls in should use a
-different user name, each with a different password, and the
-`called-login' command should be used in the `sys' file to ensure that
-the correct login name is used. *Note Accepting a Call::, and see
-*Note Security::.
-
- If you never need to dial out from your system, but only accept
-incoming calls, you can arrange for `uucico' to handle logins itself,
-completely controlling the port, by using the `--endless' option.
-*Note Invoking uucico::.
+`p'
+ generic pointer
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Mail and News, Next: The Spool Directory Layout, Prev: Accepting Calls, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+`q'
+ pointer to structure
-Using UUCP for Mail and News.
-=============================
+`s'
+ structure
- Taylor UUCP does not include a mail package. All Unix systems come
-with some sort of mail delivery agent, typically `sendmail' or `MMDF'.
-Source code is available for some alternative mail delivery agents,
-such as `IDA sendmail' and `smail'.
-
- Taylor UUCP also does not include a news package. The two major Unix
-news packages are `C-news' and `INN'. Both are available in source
-code form.
-
- Configuring and using mail delivery agents is a notoriously complex
-topic, and I will not be discussing it here. Configuring news systems
-is usually simpler, but I will not be discussing that either. I will
-merely describe the interactions between the mail and news systems and
-UUCP.
+`u'
+ void (function return values only)
- A mail or news system interacts with UUCP in two ways: sending and
-receiving.
+`z'
+ character string
-* Menu:
+ A generic pointer (`p') is sometimes a `void *', sometimes a
+function pointer in which case the prefix is pf, and sometimes a pointer
+to another type, in which case the next character is the type to which
+it points (pf is overloaded).
-* Sending mail or news:: Sending mail or news via UUCP
-* Receiving mail or news:: Receiving mail or news via UUCP
+ An array of strings (`char *[]') would be named `az' (array of
+string). If this array were passed to a function, the function
+parameter would be named `paz' (pointer to array of string).
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Sending mail or news, Next: Receiving mail or news, Prev: Mail and News, Up: Mail and News
+ Note that the variable name prefixes do not necessarily indicate the
+type of the variable. For example, a variable prefixed with `i' may be
+int, long or short. Similarly, a variable prefixed with `b' may be a
+char or an int; for example, the return value of `getchar' would be
+caught in an int variable prefixed with `b'.
-Sending mail or news via UUCP
------------------------------
+ For a non-local variable (extern or file static), the first character
+after the type prefix is capitalized.
- When mail is to be sent from your machine to another machine via
-UUCP, the mail delivery agent will invoke `uux'. It will generally run
-a command such as `uux - SYSTEM!rmail ADDRESS', where SYSTEM is the
-remote system to which the mail is being sent. It may pass other
-options to `uux', such as `-r' or `-g' (*note Invoking uux::).
-
- The news system also invokes `uux' in order to transfer articles to
-another system. The only difference is that news will use `uux' to
-invoke `rnews' on the remote system, rather than `rmail'.
-
- You should arrange for your mail and news systems to invoke the
-Taylor UUCP version of `uux'. If you only have Taylor UUCP, or if you
-simply replace any existing version of `uux' with the Taylor UUCP
-version, this will probably happen automatically. However, if you have
-two UUCP packages installed on your system, you will probably have to
-modify the mail and news configuration files in some way.
-
- Actually, if both the system UUCP and Taylor UUCP are using the same
-spool directory format, the system `uux' will probably work fine with
-the Taylor `uucico' (the reverse is not the case: the Taylor `uux'
-requires the Taylor `uucico'). However, data transfer will be somewhat
-more efficient if the Taylor `uux' is used.
+ Most static variables and functions use another letter after the type
+prefix to indicate which module they come from. This is to help
+distinguish different names in the debugger. For example, all static
+functions in `protg.c', the `g' protocol source code, use a module
+prefix of `g'. This isn't too useful, as a number of modules use a
+module prefix of `s'.

-File: uucp.info, Node: Receiving mail or news, Prev: Sending mail or news, Up: Mail and News
+File: uucp.info, Node: Patches, Prev: Naming Conventions, Up: Hacking
-Receiving mail or news via UUCP
--------------------------------
+7.3 Patches
+===========
- To receive mail, all that is necessary is for UUCP to invoke
-`rmail'. Any mail delivery agent will provide an appropriate version
-of `rmail'; you must simply make sure that it is in the command path
-used by UUCP (it almost certainly already is). The default command
-path is set in `policy.h', and it may be overridden for a particular
-system by the `command-path' command (*note Miscellaneous (sys)::).
-
- Similarly, for news UUCP must be able to invoke `rnews'. Any news
-system will provide a version of `rnews', and you must ensure that is
-in a directory on the path that UUCP will search.
+I am always grateful for any patches sent in. Much of the flexibility
+and portability of the code is due to other people. Please do not
+hesitate to send me any changes you have found necessary or useful.
+
+ When sending a patch, please send the output of the Unix `diff'
+program invoked with the `-c' option (if you have the GNU version of
+`diff', use the `-p' option). Always invoke `diff' with the original
+file first and the modified file second.
+
+ If your `diff' does not support `-c' (or you don't have `diff'),
+send a complete copy of the modified file (if you have just changed a
+single function, you can just send the new version of the function).
+In particular, please do not send `diff' output without the `-c'
+option, as it is useless.
+
+ If you have made a number of changes, it is very convenient for me if
+you send each change as a separate mail message. Sometimes I will think
+that one change is useful but another one is not. If they are in
+different messages it is much easier for me to apply one but not the
+other.
+
+ I rarely apply the patches directly. Instead I work my way through
+the hunks and apply each one separately. This ensures that the naming
+remains consistent, and that I understand all the code.
+
+ If you can not follow all these rules, then don't. But if you do, it
+makes it more likely that I will incorporate your changes. I am not
+paid for my UUCP work, and my available time is unfortunately very
+restricted. The package is important to me, and I do what I can, but I
+can not do all that I would like, much less all that everybody else
+would like.
+
+ Finally, please do not be offended if I do not reply to messages for
+some time, even a few weeks. I am often behind on my mail, and if I
+think your message deserves a considered reply I will often put it aside
+until I have time to deal with it.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Acknowledgements, Next: Index (concepts), Prev: Hacking, Up: Top
+
+8 Acknowledgements
+******************
+
+This is a list of people who gave help or suggestions while I was
+working on the Taylor UUCP project. Appearance on this list does not
+constitute endorsement of the program, particularly since some of the
+comments were criticisms. I've probably left some people off, and I
+apologize for any oversight; it does not mean your contribution was
+unappreciated.
+
+ First of all, I would like to thank the people at Infinity
+Development Systems (formerly AIRS, which lives on in the domain name)
+for permitting me to use their computers and `uunet' access. I would
+also like to thank Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org> for founding the Free
+Software Foundation, and John Gilmore <gnu@toad.com> for writing the
+initial version of gnuucp (based on uuslave) which was a direct
+inspiration for this somewhat larger project. Chip Salzenberg
+<chip@tct.com> has contributed many patches. Franc,ois Pinard
+<pinard@iro.umontreal.ca> tirelessly tested the code and suggested many
+improvements. He also put together the initial version of this manual.
+Doug Evans contributed the zmodem protocol. Marc Boucher
+<marc@CAM.ORG> contributed the code supporting the pipe port type.
+Jorge Cwik <jorge@laser.satlink.net> contributed the `y' protocol code.
+Finally, Verbus M. Counts <verbus@westmark.com> and Centel Federal
+Systems, Inc., deserve special thanks, since they actually paid me
+money to port this code to System III.
+
+ In alphabetical order:
+
+ Meno Abels <Meno.Abels@Technical.Adviser.com>
+ "Earle F. Ake - SAIC" <ake@Dayton.SAIC.COM>
+ <mra@searchtech.com> (Michael Almond)
+ <cambler@zeus.calpoly.edu> (Christopher J. Ambler)
+ Brian W. Antoine <briana@tau-ceti.isc-br.com>
+ <jantypas@soft21.s21.com> (John Antypas)
+ <james@bigtex.cactus.org> (James Van Artsdalen)
+ <jima@netcom.com> (Jim Avera)
+ <nba@sysware.DK> (Niels Baggesen)
+ <uunet!hotmomma!sdb> (Scott Ballantyne)
+ Zacharias Beckman <zac@dolphin.com>
+ <mike@mbsun.ann-arbor.mi.us> (Mike Bernson)
+ <bob@usixth.sublink.org> (Roberto Biancardi)
+ <statsci!scott@coco.ms.washington.edu> (Scott Blachowicz)
+ <bag%wood2.cs.kiev.ua@relay.ussr.eu.net> (Andrey G Blochintsev)
+ <spider@Orb.Nashua.NH.US> (Spider Boardman)
+ Gregory Bond <gnb@bby.com.au>
+ Marc Boucher <marc@CAM.ORG>
+ Ard van Breemen <ard@cstmel.hobby.nl>
+ <dean@coplex.com> (Dean Brooks)
+ <jbrow@radical.com> (Jim Brownfield)
+ <dave@dlb.com> (Dave Buck)
+ <gordon@sneaky.lonestar.org> (Gordon Burditt)
+ <dburr@sbphy.physics.ucsb.edu> (Donald Burr)
+ <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu> (Michael I Bushnell)
+ Brian Campbell <brianc@quantum.on.ca>
+ Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
+ <jhc@iscp.bellcore.com> (Jonathan Clark)
+ <mafc!frank@bach.helios.de> (Frank Conrad)
+ Ed Carp <erc@apple.com>
+ <mpc@mbs.linet.org> (Mark Clements)
+ <verbus@westmark.westmark.com> (Verbus M. Counts)
+ <cbmvax!snark.thyrsus.com!cowan> (John Cowan)
+ Bob Cunningham <bob@soest.hawaii.edu>
+ <jorge@laser.satlink.net> (Jorge Cwik)
+ <kdburg@incoahe.hanse.de> (Klaus Dahlenburg)
+ Damon <d@exnet.co.uk>
+ <celit!billd@UCSD.EDU> (Bill Davidson)
+ <hubert@arakis.fdn.org> (Hubert Delahaye)
+ <markd@bushwire.apana.org.au> (Mark Delany)
+ Allen Delaney <allen@brc.ubc.ca>
+ Gerriet M. Denkmann <gerriet@hazel.north.de>
+ <denny@dakota.alisa.com> (Bob Denny)
+ Drew Derbyshire <ahd@kew.com>
+ <ssd@nevets.oau.org> (Steven S. Dick)
+ <gert@greenie.gold.sub.org> (Gert Doering)
+ <gemini@geminix.in-berlin.de> (Uwe Doering)
+ Hans-Dieter Doll <hd2@Insel.DE>
+ <deane@deane.teleride.on.ca> (Dean Edmonds)
+ Mark W. Eichin <eichin@cygnus.com>
+ <erik@pdnfido.fidonet.org>
+ Andrew Evans <andrew@airs.com>
+ <dje@cygnus.com> (Doug Evans)
+ Marc Evans <marc@synergytics.com>
+ Dan Everhart <dan@dyndata.com>
+ <kksys!kegworks!lfahnoe@cs.umn.edu> (Larry Fahnoe)
+ Matthew Farwell <dylan@ibmpcug.co.uk>
+ <fenner@jazz.psu.edu> (Bill Fenner)
+ <jaf@inference.com> (Jose A. Fernandez)
+ "David J. Fiander" <golem!david@news.lsuc.on.ca>
+ Thomas Fischer <batman@olorin.dark.sub.org>
+ Mister Flash <flash@sam.imash.ras.ru>
+ <louis@marco.de> (Ju"rgen Fluk)
+ <erik@eab.retix.com> (Erik Forsberg)
+ <andy@scp.caltech.edu> (Andy Fyfe)
+ Lele Gaifax <piggy@idea.sublink.org>
+ <Peter.Galbavy@micromuse.co.uk>
+ <hunter@phoenix.pub.uu.oz.au> (James Gardiner [hunter])
+ Terry Gardner <cphpcom!tjg01>
+ <dgilbert@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org> (David Gilbert)
+ <ol@infopro.spb.su> (Oleg Girko)
+ <jimmy@tokyo07.info.com> (Jim Gottlieb)
+ Benoit Grange <ben@fizz.fdn.org>
+ <elg@elgamy.jpunix.com> (Eric Lee Green)
+ <ryan@cs.umb.edu> (Daniel R. Guilderson)
+ <greg@gagme.chi.il.us> (Gregory Gulik)
+ Richard H. Gumpertz <rhg@cps.com>
+ Scott Guthridge <scooter@cube.rain.com>
+ Michael Haberler <mah@parrot.prv.univie.ac.at>
+ Daniel Hagerty <hag@eddie.mit.edu>
+ <jh@moon.nbn.com> (John Harkin)
+ <guy@auspex.auspex.com> (Guy Harris)
+ <hsw1@papa.attmail.com> (Stephen Harris)
+ Tom Ivar Helbekkmo <tih@Norway.EU.net>
+ Petri Helenius <pete@fidata.fi>
+ <gabe@edi.com> (B. Gabriel Helou)
+ Bob Hemedinger <bob@dalek.mwc.com>
+ Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.pub.uu.oz.au>
+ <kherron@ms.uky.edu> (Kenneth Herron)
+ Peter Honeyman <honey@citi.umich.edu>
+ <jhood@smoke.marlboro.vt.us> (John Hood)
+ Mark Horsburgh <markh@kcbbs.gen.nz>
+ John Hughes <john@Calva.COM>
+ Mike Ipatow <mip@fido.itc.e-burg.su>
+ Bill Irwin <bill@twg.bc.ca>
+ <pmcgw!personal-media.co.jp!ishikawa> (Chiaki Ishikawa)
+ <ai@easy.in-chemnitz.de> (Andreas Israel)
+ <iverson@lionheart.com> (Tim Iverson)
+ <bei@dogface.austin.tx.us> (Bob Izenberg)
+ <djamiga!djjames@fsd.com> (D.J.James)
+ Rob Janssen <cmgit!rob@relay.nluug.nl>
+ <harvee!esj> (Eric S Johansson)
+ Kevin Johnson <kjj@pondscum.phx.mcd.mot.com>
+ <rj@rainbow.in-berlin.de> (Robert Joop)
+ Alan Judge <aj@dec4ie.IEunet.ie>
+ <chris@cj_net.in-berlin.de> (Christof Junge)
+ Romain Kang <romain@pyramid.com>
+ <tron@Veritas.COM> (Ronald S. Karr)
+ Brendan Kehoe <brendan@cs.widener.edu>
+ <warlock@csuchico.edu> (John Kennedy)
+ <kersing@nlmug.nl.mugnet.org> (Jac Kersing)
+ <ok@daveg.PFM-Mainz.de> (Olaf Kirch)
+ Gabor Kiss <kissg@sztaki.hu>
+ <gero@gkminix.han.de> (Gero Kuhlmann)
+ <rob@pact.nl> (Rob Kurver)
+ "C.A. Lademann" <cal@zls.gtn.com>
+ <kent@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM> (Kent Landfield)
+ Tin Le <tin@saigon.com>
+ <lebaron@inrs-telecom.uquebec.ca> (Gregory LeBaron)
+ <karl@sugar.NeoSoft.Com> (Karl Lehenbauer)
+ <alex@hal.rhein-main.de> (Alexander Lehmann)
+ <merlyn@digibd.com> (Merlyn LeRoy)
+ <clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca> (Chris Lewis)
+ <gdonl@ssi1.com> (Don Lewis)
+ <libove@libove.det.dec.com> (Jay Vassos-Libove)
+ <bruce%blilly@Broadcast.Sony.COM> (Bruce Lilly)
+ Godfrey van der Linden <Godfrey_van_der_Linden@NeXT.COM>
+ Ted Lindgreen <tlindgreen@encore.nl>
+ <andrew@cubetech.com> (Andrew Loewenstern)
+ "Arne Ludwig" <arne@rrzbu.hanse.de>
+ Matthew Lyle <matt@mips.mitek.com>
+ <djm@eng.umd.edu> (David J. MacKenzie)
+ John R MacMillan <chance!john@sq.sq.com>
+ <jum@helios.de> (Jens-Uwe Mager)
+ Giles D Malet <shrdlu!gdm@provar.kwnet.on.ca>
+ <mem@mv.MV.COM> (Mark E. Mallett)
+ <pepe@dit.upm.es> (Jose A. Manas)
+ <peter@xpoint.ruessel.sub.org> (Peter Mandrella)
+ <martelli@cadlab.sublink.org> (Alex Martelli)
+ W Christopher Martin <wcm@geek.ca.geac.com>
+ Yanek Martinson <yanek@mthvax.cs.miami.edu>
+ <thomasm@mechti.wupper.de> (Thomas Mechtersheimer)
+ <jm@aristote.univ-paris8.fr> (Jean Mehat)
+ <me@halfab.freiburg.sub.org> (Udo Meyer)
+ <les@chinet.chi.il.us> (Leslie Mikesell)
+ <bug@cyberdex.cuug.ab.ca> (Trever Miller)
+ <mmitchel@digi.lonestar.org> (Mitch Mitchell)
+ Emmanuel Mogenet <mgix@krainte.jpn.thomson-di.fr>
+ <rmohr@infoac.rmi.de> (Rupert Mohr)
+ Jason Molenda <molenda@sequent.com>
+ <ianm@icsbelf.co.uk> (Ian Moran)
+ <jmorriso@bogomips.ee.ubc.ca> (John Paul Morrison)
+ <brian@ilinx.wimsey.bc.ca> (Brian J. Murrell)
+ <service@infohh.rmi.de> (Dirk Musstopf)
+ <lyndon@cs.athabascau.ca> (Lyndon Nerenberg)
+ <rolf@saans.north.de> (Rolf Nerstheimer)
+ <tom@smart.bo.open.de> (Thomas Neumann)
+ <mnichols@pacesetter.com>
+ Richard E. Nickle <trystro!rick@Think.COM>
+ <stephan@sunlab.ka.sub.org> (Stephan Niemz)
+ <raymond@es.ele.tue.nl> (Raymond Nijssen)
+ <nolan@helios.unl.edu> (Michael Nolan)
+ david nugent <david@csource.oz.au>
+ Jim O'Connor <jim@bahamut.fsc.com>
+ <kevin%kosman.uucp@nrc.com> (Kevin O'Gorman)
+ Petri Ojala <ojala@funet.fi>
+ <oneill@cs.ulowell.edu> (Brian 'Doc' O'Neill)
+ <Stephen.Page@prg.oxford.ac.uk>
+ Peter Palfrader <peter@palfrader.org>
+ <abekas!dragoman!mikep@decwrl.dec.com> (Mike Park)
+ Tim Peiffer <peiffer@cs.umn.edu>
+ <don@blkhole.resun.com> (Don Phillips)
+ "Mark Pizzolato 415-369-9366" <mark@infocomm.com>
+ John Plate <plate@infotek.dk>
+ <dplatt@ntg.com> (Dave Platt)
+ <eldorado@tharr.UUCP> (Mark Powell)
+ Mark Powell <mark@inet-uk.co.uk>
+ <pozar@kumr.lns.com> (Tim Pozar)
+ <joey@tessi.UUCP> (Joey Pruett)
+ Paul Pryor <ptp@fallschurch-acirs2.army.mil>
+ <putsch@uicc.com> (Jeff Putsch)
+ <ar@nvmr.robin.de> (Andreas Raab)
+ Vadim Radionov <rvp@zfs.lg.ua>
+ Jarmo Raiha <jarmo@ksvltd.FI>
+ James Revell <revell@uunet.uu.net>
+ Scott Reynolds <scott@clmqt.marquette.Mi.US>
+ <mcr@Sandelman.OCUnix.On.Ca> (Michael Richardson)
+ Kenji Rikitake <kenji@rcac.astem.or.jp>
+ <arnold@cc.gatech.edu> (Arnold Robbins)
+ <steve@Nyongwa.cam.org> (Steve M. Robbins)
+ Ollivier Robert <Ollivier.Robert@keltia.frmug.fr.net>
+ Serge Robyns <sr@denkart.be>
+ Lawrence E. Rosenman <ler@lerami.lerctr.org>
+ Jeff Ross <jeff@wisdom.bubble.org>
+ Aleksey P. Rudnev <alex@kiae.su>
+ "Heiko W.Rupp" <hwr@pilhuhn.ka.sub.org>
+ <wolfgang@wsrcc.com> (Wolfgang S. Rupprecht)
+ <tbr@tfic.bc.ca> (Tom Rushworth)
+ Peter Rye <prye@picu-sgh.demon.co.uk>
+ <jsacco@ssl.com> (Joseph E. Sacco)
+ <rsalz@bbn.com> (Rich Salz)
+ Curt Sampson <curt@portal.ca>
+ <sojurn!mike@hobbes.cert.sei.cmu.edu> (Mike Sangrey)
+ Nickolay Saukh <nms@ussr.EU.net>
+ Ignatios Souvatzis <is@jocelyn.rhein.de>
+ <heiko@lotte.sax.de> (Heiko Schlittermann)
+ Eric Schnoebelen <eric@cirr.com>
+ <russell@alpha3.ersys.edmonton.ab.ca> (Russell Schulz)
+ <scott@geom.umn.edu>
+ Igor V. Semenyuk <iga@argrd0.argonaut.su>
+ Christopher Sawtell <chris@gerty.equinox.gen.nz>
+ <schuler@bds.sub.org> (Bernd Schuler)
+ <uunet!gold.sub.org!root> (Christian Seyb)
+ Marcus Shang <marcus.shang@canada.cdev.com>
+ <s4mjs!mjs@nirvo.nirvonics.com> (M. J. Shannon Jr.)
+ <shields@tembel.org> (Michael Shields)
+ <peter@ficc.ferranti.com> (Peter da Silva)
+ <vince@victrola.sea.wa.us> (Vince Skahan)
+ <frumious!pat> (Patrick Smith)
+ <roscom!monty@bu.edu> (Monty Solomon)
+ <sommerfeld@orchard.medford.ma.us> (Bill Sommerfeld)
+ Julian Stacey <stacey@guug.de>
+ <evesg@etlrips.etl.go.jp> (Gjoen Stein)
+ Harlan Stenn <harlan@mumps.pfcs.com>
+ Ralf Stephan <ralf@ark.abg.sub.org>
+ <johannes@titan.westfalen.de> (Johannes Stille)
+ <chs@antic.apu.fi> (Hannu Strang)
+ <ralf@reswi.ruhr.de> (Ralf E. Stranzenbach)
+ <sullivan@Mathcom.com> (S. Sullivan)
+ Shigeya Suzuki <shigeya@dink.foretune.co.jp>
+ <kls@ditka.Chicago.COM> (Karl Swartz)
+ <swiers@plains.NoDak.edu>
+ Oleg Tabarovsky <olg@olghome.pccentre.msk.su>
+ <ikeda@honey.misystems.co.jp> (Takatoshi Ikeda)
+ John Theus <john@theus.rain.com>
+ <rd@aii.com> (Bob Thrush)
+ ppKarsten Thygesen <karthy@dannug.dk>
+ Graham Toal <gtoal@pizzabox.demon.co.uk>
+ <rmtodd@servalan.servalan.com> (Richard Todd)
+ Michael Ju. Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
+ Martin Tomes <mt00@controls.eurotherm.co.uk>
+ Len Tower <tower-prep@ai.mit.edu>
+ Mark Towfiq <justice!towfiq@Eingedi.Newton.MA.US>
+ <mju@mudos.ann-arbor.mi.us> (Marc Unangst)
+ Matthias Urlichs <urlichs@smurf.noris.de>
+ Tomi Vainio <tomppa@fidata.fi>
+ <a3@a3.xs4all.nl> (Adri Verhoef)
+ Andrew Vignaux <ajv@ferrari.datamark.co.nz>
+ <vogel@omega.ssw.de> (Andreas Vogel)
+ Dima Volodin <dvv@hq.demos.su>
+ <jos@bull.nl> (Jos Vos)
+ <jv@nl.net> (Johan Vromans)
+ David Vrona <dave@sashimi.wwa.com>
+ <Marcel.Waldvogel@nice.usergroup.ethz.ch> (Marcel Waldvogel)
+ <steve@nshore.org> (Stephen J. Walick)
+ <syd@dsinc.dsi.com> (Syd Weinstein)
+ <gerben@rna.indiv.nluug.nl> (Gerben Wierda)
+ <jbw@cs.bu.edu> (Joe Wells)
+ <frnkmth!twwells.com!bill> (T. William Wells)
+ Peter Wemm <Peter_Wemm@zeus.dialix.oz.au>
+ <mauxci!eci386!woods@apple.com> (Greg A. Woods)
+ <John.Woods@proteon.com> (John Woods)
+ Michael Yu.Yaroslavtsev <mike@yaranga.ipmce.su>
+ Alexei K. Yushin <root@july.elis.crimea.ua>
+ <jon@console.ais.org> (Jon Zeeff)
+ Matthias Zepf <agnus@amylnd.stgt.sub.org>
+ Eric Ziegast <uunet!ziegast>

-File: uucp.info, Node: The Spool Directory Layout, Next: Spool Directory Cleaning, Prev: Mail and News, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
-
-The Spool Directory Layout
-==========================
+File: uucp.info, Node: Index (concepts), Next: Index (configuration file), Prev: Acknowledgements, Up: Top
- In general, the layout of the spool directory may be safely ignored.
-However, it is documented here for the curious. This description only
-covers the `SPOOLDIR_TAYLOR' layout. The ways in which the other spool
-directory layouts differ are described in the source file
-`unix/spool.c'.
-
- Directories and files are only created when they are needed, so a
-typical system will not have all of the entries described here.
+Concept Index
+*************
+[index]
* Menu:
-* System Spool Directories:: System Spool Directories
-* Status Directory:: Status Spool Directory
-* Execution Subdirectories:: Execution Spool Subdirectories
-* Other Spool Subdirectories:: Other Spool Subdirectories
-* Spool Lock Files:: Spool Directory Lock Files
+* .Corrupt: Execution Subdirectories.
+ (line 21)
+* .Failed: Execution Subdirectories.
+ (line 26)
+* .Preserve: Other Spool Subdirectories.
+ (line 30)
+* .Received: Other Spool Subdirectories.
+ (line 38)
+* .Sequence: Other Spool Subdirectories.
+ (line 7)
+* .Status: Status Directory. (line 7)
+* .Temp: Other Spool Subdirectories.
+ (line 14)
+* .Xqtdir: Execution Subdirectories.
+ (line 7)
+* /usr/spool/uucp: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 14)
+* /usr/spool/uucppublic: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 20)
+* accepting calls: Accepting Calls. (line 6)
+* anonymous UUCP: config File Examples. (line 41)
+* call configuration file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* call in login name: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* call in password: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* call out file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* call out login name: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* call out password: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* calling in: Accepting Calls. (line 6)
+* calling out: Calling Other Systems.
+ (line 6)
+* changing spool directory: config File Examples. (line 26)
+* chat scripts: Chat Scripts. (line 6)
+* cleaning the spool directory: Spool Directory Cleaning.
+ (line 6)
+* config file: config File. (line 6)
+* config file examples: config File Examples. (line 6)
+* configuration file (call): Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* configuration file (config): config File. (line 6)
+* configuration file (dial): dial File. (line 6)
+* configuration file (dialcode): Configuration File Names.
+ (line 30)
+* configuration file (passwd): Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* configuration file (port): port File. (line 6)
+* configuration file (sys): sys File. (line 6)
+* d protocol: d Protocol. (line 6)
+* debugging file: Log File Names. (line 19)
+* dial file: dial File. (line 6)
+* dialcode configuration file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 30)
+* dialcode file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 30)
+* dialer configuration file: dial File. (line 6)
+* e protocol: e Protocol. (line 6)
+* E UUCP protocol command: The E Command. (line 6)
+* execution file format: Execution File Format.
+ (line 6)
+* f protocol: f Protocol. (line 6)
+* final handshake: The Final Handshake. (line 6)
+* G protocol: Big G Protocol. (line 6)
+* g protocol: g Protocol. (line 6)
+* gateway: Gateway Example. (line 6)
+* grades: When to Call. (line 25)
+* grades implementation: UUCP Grades. (line 6)
+* h protocol: h Protocol. (line 6)
+* H UUCP protocol command: The H Command. (line 6)
+* i protocol: i Protocol. (line 6)
+* initial handshake: The Initial Handshake.
+ (line 6)
+* j protocol: j Protocol. (line 6)
+* L.XXX: Spool Lock Files. (line 43)
+* LCK..SYS: Spool Lock Files. (line 16)
+* LCK.XQT.NN: Spool Lock Files. (line 28)
+* leaf site: Leaf Example. (line 6)
+* lock directory: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 27)
+* lock files: UUCP Lock Files. (line 6)
+* lock files in spool directory: Spool Lock Files. (line 6)
+* log file: Log File Names. (line 7)
+* LXQ.CMD: Spool Lock Files. (line 36)
+* mail: Mail and News. (line 6)
+* main configuration file: config File. (line 6)
+* news: Mail and News. (line 6)
+* parity in login names: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 43)
+* passwd configuration file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* passwd file: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* port configuration file: port File. (line 6)
+* port file: port File. (line 6)
+* protocol d: d Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol e: e Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol f: f Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol G: Big G Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol g: g Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol h: h Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol i: i Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol j: j Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol t: t Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol v: v Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol x: x Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol y: y Protocol. (line 6)
+* protocol, UUCP: UUCP Protocol. (line 6)
+* public directory: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 20)
+* R UUCP protocol command: The R Command. (line 6)
+* S UUCP protocol command: The S Command. (line 6)
+* spool directory: The Spool Directory Layout.
+ (line 6)
+* spool directory, changing: config File Examples. (line 26)
+* spool directory, cleaning: Spool Directory Cleaning.
+ (line 6)
+* spool directory, setting: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 14)
+* statistics file: Log File Names. (line 14)
+* status files: Status Directory. (line 7)
+* sys file: sys File. (line 6)
+* sys file example (gateway): Gateway Example. (line 6)
+* sys file example (leaf): Leaf Example. (line 6)
+* system configuration file: sys File. (line 6)
+* system lock files: Spool Lock Files. (line 16)
+* system name: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 9)
+* system spool directories: System Spool Directories.
+ (line 6)
+* t protocol: t Protocol. (line 6)
+* time strings: Time Strings. (line 6)
+* unknown systems: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 36)
+* UUCP protocol: UUCP Protocol. (line 6)
+* UUCP protocol E command: The E Command. (line 6)
+* UUCP protocol H command: The H Command. (line 6)
+* UUCP protocol R command: The R Command. (line 6)
+* UUCP protocol S command: The S Command. (line 6)
+* UUCP protocol X command: The X Command. (line 6)
+* UUCP system name: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 9)
+* uucppublic: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 20)
+* v protocol: v Protocol. (line 6)
+* x protocol: x Protocol. (line 6)
+* X UUCP protocol command: The X Command. (line 6)
+* X.* file format: Execution File Format.
+ (line 6)
+* y protocol: y Protocol. (line 6)

-File: uucp.info, Node: System Spool Directories, Next: Status Directory, Prev: The Spool Directory Layout, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
-
-System Spool Directories
-------------------------
+File: uucp.info, Node: Index (configuration file), Prev: Index (concepts), Up: Top
-`SYSTEM'
- There is a subdirectory of the main spool directory for each remote
- system.
-
-`SYSTEM/C.'
- This directory stores files describing file transfer commands to
- be sent to the SYSTEM. Each file name starts with `C.G', where G
- is the job grade. Each file contains one or more commands. For
- details of the commands, see *Note UUCP Protocol Commands::.
-
-`SYSTEM/D.'
- This directory stores data files. Files with names like
- `D.GSSSS', where G is the grade and SSSS is a sequence number, are
- waiting to be transferred to the SYSTEM, as directed by the files
- in the `SYSTEM/C.' directory. Files with other names, typically
- `D.SYSTEMGSSSS', have been received from SYSTEM and are waiting to
- be processed by an execution file in the `SYSTEM/X.' directory.
-
-`SYSTEM/D.X'
- This directory stores data files which will become execution files
- on the remote system. In current practice, this directory rarely
- exists, because most simple executions, including typical uses of
- `rmail' and `rnews', send an `E' command rather than an execution
- file (*note The E Command::).
-
-`SYSTEM/X.'
- This directory stores execution files which have been received from
- SYSTEM. This directory normally exists, even though the
- corresponding `D.X' directory does not, because `uucico' will
- create an execution file on the fly when it receives an `E'
- command.
-
-`SYSTEM/SEQF'
- This file holds the sequence number of the last job sent to
- SYSTEM. The sequence number is used to ensure that file names are
- unique in the remote system spool directory. The file is four
- bytes long. Sequence numbers are composed of digits and the upper
- case letters.
+Configuration File Index
+************************
-
-File: uucp.info, Node: Status Directory, Next: Execution Subdirectories, Prev: System Spool Directories, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
-
-Status Directory
-----------------
+[index]
+* Menu:
-`.Status'
- This directory holds status files for each remote system. The
- name of the status file is the name of the system which it
- describes. Each status file describes the last conversation with
- the system. Running `uustat --status' basically just formats and
- prints the contents of the status files (*note uustat Examples::).
-
- Each status file has a single text line with six fields.
-
- code
- A code indicating the status of the last conversation. The
- following values are defined, though not all are actually
- used.
- `0'
- Conversation completed normally.
-
- `1'
- `uucico' was unable to open the port.
-
- `2'
- The last call to the system failed while dailing.
-
- `3'
- The last call to the system failed while logging in.
-
- `4'
- The last call to the system failed during the initial
- UUCP protocol handshake (*note The Initial Handshake::).
-
- `5'
- The last call to the system failed after the initial
- handshake.
-
- `6'
- `uucico' is currently talking to the system.
-
- `7'
- The last call to the system failed because it was the
- wrong time to call (this is not used if calling the
- system is never permitted).
-
- retries
- The number of retries since the last successful call.
-
- time of last call
- The time of the last call, in seconds since the epoch (as
- returned by the `time' system call).
-
- wait
- If the last call failed, this is the number of seconds since
- the last call before `uucico' may attempt another call. This
- is set based on the retry time; see *Note When to Call::.
- The `-f' or `-S' options to `uucico' direct it to ignore this
- wait time; see *Note Invoking uucico::.
-
- description
- A text description of the status, corresponding to the code
- in the first field. This may contain spaces.
+* abort: dial File. (line 137)
+* abort-chat: dial File. (line 123)
+* abort-chat-fail: dial File. (line 127)
+* abort-chat-program: dial File. (line 131)
+* abort-chat-seven-bit: dial File. (line 129)
+* abort-chat-timeout: dial File. (line 125)
+* address: Placing the Call. (line 46)
+* alias: Naming the System. (line 24)
+* alternate: Naming the System. (line 11)
+* baud in port file: port File. (line 86)
+* baud in sys file: Placing the Call. (line 9)
+* baud-range: port File. (line 94)
+* call-local-size: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 33)
+* call-login: Logging In. (line 67)
+* call-password: Logging In. (line 75)
+* call-remote-size: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 48)
+* call-timegrade: When to Call. (line 70)
+* call-transfer: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 19)
+* callback: Accepting a Call. (line 34)
+* called-chat: Accepting a Call. (line 39)
+* called-chat-fail: Accepting a Call. (line 43)
+* called-chat-program: Accepting a Call. (line 47)
+* called-chat-seven-bit: Accepting a Call. (line 45)
+* called-chat-timeout: Accepting a Call. (line 41)
+* called-local-size: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 55)
+* called-login: Accepting a Call. (line 7)
+* called-remote-size: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 62)
+* called-timegrade: When to Call. (line 89)
+* called-transfer: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 24)
+* callfile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 47)
+* carrier in dial file: dial File. (line 85)
+* carrier in port file: port File. (line 107)
+* carrier-wait: dial File. (line 92)
+* chat: Chat Scripts. (line 21)
+* chat in dial file: dial File. (line 20)
+* chat in sys file: Logging In. (line 7)
+* chat-fail: Chat Scripts. (line 144)
+* chat-fail in dial file: dial File. (line 24)
+* chat-fail in sys file: Logging In. (line 11)
+* chat-program: Chat Scripts. (line 172)
+* chat-program in dial file: dial File. (line 28)
+* chat-program in sys file: Logging In. (line 15)
+* chat-seven-bit: Chat Scripts. (line 163)
+* chat-seven-bit in dial file: dial File. (line 26)
+* chat-seven-bit in sys file: Logging In. (line 13)
+* chat-timeout: Chat Scripts. (line 138)
+* chat-timeout in dial file: dial File. (line 22)
+* chat-timeout in sys file: Logging In. (line 9)
+* command: port File. (line 235)
+* command-path: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 13)
+* commands: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 19)
+* complete: dial File. (line 118)
+* complete-chat: dial File. (line 104)
+* complete-chat-fail: dial File. (line 108)
+* complete-chat-program: dial File. (line 112)
+* complete-chat-seven-bit: dial File. (line 110)
+* complete-chat-timeout: dial File. (line 106)
+* debug in config file: Debugging Levels. (line 7)
+* debug in sys file: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 45)
+* debugfile: Log File Names. (line 19)
+* default-alternates: Naming the System. (line 19)
+* device: port File. (line 78)
+* dial-device: port File. (line 124)
+* dialcodefile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 30)
+* dialer in dial file: dial File. (line 17)
+* dialer in port file: port File. (line 129)
+* dialer-sequence: port File. (line 144)
+* dialfile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 23)
+* dialtone: dial File. (line 74)
+* dtr-toggle: dial File. (line 97)
+* forward: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 127)
+* forward-from: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 118)
+* forward-to: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 109)
+* free-space: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 25)
+* half-duplex in dial file: dial File. (line 160)
+* half-duplex in port file: port File. (line 73)
+* hardflow: port File. (line 118)
+* hdb-files: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 115)
+* hostname: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 8)
+* local-receive: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 98)
+* local-send: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 69)
+* lockdir: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 27)
+* lockname: port File. (line 183)
+* logfile: Log File Names. (line 7)
+* max-file-time: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 132)
+* max-remote-debug: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 55)
+* max-retries: When to Call. (line 58)
+* max-uuxqts: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 61)
+* myname: Naming the System. (line 30)
+* nodename: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 7)
+* passwdfile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 64)
+* pause: dial File. (line 80)
+* phone: Placing the Call. (line 45)
+* port in port file: port File. (line 23)
+* port in sys file: Placing the Call. (line 24)
+* portfile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 15)
+* protocol in port file: port File. (line 51)
+* protocol in sys file: Protocol Selection. (line 7)
+* protocol-parameter in dial file: dial File. (line 142)
+* protocol-parameter in port file: port File. (line 57)
+* protocol-parameter in sys file: Protocol Selection. (line 90)
+* pubdir in config file: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 20)
+* pubdir in sys file: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 37)
+* push: port File. (line 208)
+* receive-request: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 11)
+* reliable in dial file: dial File. (line 155)
+* reliable in port file: port File. (line 67)
+* remote-receive: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 102)
+* remote-send: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 93)
+* request: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 15)
+* run-uuxqt: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 72)
+* send-request: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 7)
+* sequence: Miscellaneous (sys). (line 7)
+* server-address: port File. (line 215)
+* service: port File. (line 193)
+* seven-bit in dial file: dial File. (line 148)
+* seven-bit in port file: port File. (line 61)
+* speed in port file: port File. (line 84)
+* speed in sys file: Placing the Call. (line 7)
+* speed-range: port File. (line 92)
+* spool: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 14)
+* statfile: Log File Names. (line 14)
+* stream: port File. (line 211)
+* strip-login: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 43)
+* strip-proto: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 53)
+* sysfile: Configuration File Names.
+ (line 7)
+* system: Naming the System. (line 7)
+* time: When to Call. (line 7)
+* timegrade: When to Call. (line 25)
+* timetable: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 91)
+* transfer: File Transfer Control.
+ (line 29)
+* type: port File. (line 26)
+* unknown: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 36)
+* uuname: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 9)
+* v2-files: Miscellaneous (config).
+ (line 109)
+* version: port File. (line 200)
- system name
- The name of the remote system.
--- uucp-1.07.orig/uucp.texi
+++ uucp-1.07/uucp.texi
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
@setchapternewpage odd
@c %**end of header
+@dircategory Networking tools
+
@iftex
@finalout
@end iftex
--- uucp-1.07.orig/uucp.info
+++ uucp-1.07/uucp.info
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from uucp.texi.
+This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from uucp.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Networking tools
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* UUCP: (uucp). Transfer mail and news across phone lines.
@@ -26,132 +28,126 @@ a translation approved by the author ins

Indirect:
-uucp.info-1: 1096
-uucp.info-2: 50839
-uucp.info-3: 100147
-uucp.info-4: 149117
-uucp.info-5: 197494
-uucp.info-6: 241473
-uucp.info-7: 285750
-uucp.info-8: 333507
+uucp.info-1: 1132
+uucp.info-2: 295451

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
-Node: Top1096
-Node: Copying8521
-Node: Introduction10769
-Node: Invoking the UUCP Programs19718
-Node: Standard Options20638
-Node: Invoking uucp22051
-Node: uucp Description22320
-Node: uucp Options24342
-Node: Invoking uux26952
-Node: uux Description27270
-Node: uux Options30313
-Node: uux Examples33052
-Node: Invoking uustat33967
-Node: uustat Description34302
-Node: uustat Options36064
-Node: uustat Examples42643
-Node: Invoking uuname45411
-Node: Invoking uulog46370
-Node: Invoking uuto48579
-Node: Invoking uupick49533
-Node: Invoking cu50839
-Node: cu Description51215
-Node: cu Commands52601
-Node: cu Variables54985
-Node: cu Options57140
-Node: Invoking uucico58510
-Node: uucico Description58786
-Node: uucico Options61428
-Node: Invoking uuxqt64880
-Node: Invoking uuchk66058
-Node: Invoking uuconv66644
-Node: Invoking uusched68492
-Node: Installing Taylor UUCP68930
-Node: Compilation69460
-Node: Testing the Compilation76413
-Node: Installing the Binaries80373
-Node: Configuration81395
-Node: Testing the Installation83569
-Node: Using Taylor UUCP86701
-Node: Calling Other Systems87150
-Node: Accepting Calls89674
-Node: Mail and News91636
-Node: Sending mail or news92729
-Node: Receiving mail or news94178
-Node: The Spool Directory Layout94942
-Node: System Spool Directories95857
-Node: Status Directory97807
-Node: Execution Subdirectories100147
-Node: Other Spool Subdirectories101426
-Node: Spool Lock Files104404
-Node: Spool Directory Cleaning106953
-Node: Configuration Files108145
-Node: Configuration Overview109728
-Node: Configuration File Format111880
-Node: Configuration Examples113553
-Node: config File Examples114122
-Node: Leaf Example118001
-Node: Gateway Example120687
-Node: Time Strings125052
-Node: Chat Scripts126868
-Node: config File136057
-Node: Miscellaneous (config)137121
-Node: Configuration File Names142943
-Node: Log File Names147880
-Node: Debugging Levels149117
-Node: sys File151983
-Node: Defaults and Alternates152863
-Node: Naming the System155955
-Node: Calling Out157796
-Node: When to Call158153
-Node: Placing the Call163763
-Node: Logging In167285
-Node: Accepting a Call170896
-Node: Protocol Selection173708
-Node: File Transfer Control187452
-Node: Miscellaneous (sys)193744
-Node: Default sys File Values196872
-Node: port File197494
-Node: dial File209257
-Node: UUCP Over TCP215278
-Node: TCP Client215782
-Node: TCP Server217554
-Node: Security219008
-Node: Protocols224051
-Node: UUCP Protocol Sources225671
-Node: UUCP Grades227919
-Node: UUCP Lock Files232212
-Node: Execution File Format235609
-Node: UUCP Protocol240973
-Node: The Initial Handshake241473
-Node: UUCP Protocol Commands249866
-Node: The S Command251888
-Node: The R Command258938
-Node: The X Command263032
-Node: The E Command264950
-Node: The H Command268063
-Node: The Final Handshake268896
-Node: g Protocol269558
-Node: f Protocol279982
-Node: t Protocol283060
-Node: e Protocol284114
-Node: Big G Protocol284902
-Node: i Protocol285750
-Node: j Protocol294764
-Node: x Protocol301031
-Node: y Protocol301587
-Node: d Protocol306138
-Node: h Protocol306503
-Node: v Protocol306807
-Node: Hacking307298
-Node: System Dependence307666
-Node: Naming Conventions309054
-Node: Patches311229
-Node: Acknowledgements313179
-Node: Index (concepts)326563
-Node: Index (configuration file)333507
+Node: Top1132
+Node: Copying8554
+Node: Introduction10799
+Node: Invoking the UUCP Programs19753
+Node: Standard Options20674
+Node: Invoking uucp22092
+Node: uucp Description22369
+Node: uucp Options24403
+Node: Invoking uux27022
+Node: uux Description27348
+Node: uux Options30403
+Node: uux Examples33151
+Node: Invoking uustat34075
+Node: uustat Description34418
+Node: uustat Options36192
+Node: uustat Examples42780
+Node: Invoking uuname45557
+Node: Invoking uulog46524
+Node: Invoking uuto48741
+Node: Invoking uupick49703
+Node: Invoking cu51017
+Node: cu Description51401
+Node: cu Commands52799
+Node: cu Variables55192
+Node: cu Options57356
+Node: Invoking uucico58735
+Node: uucico Description59021
+Node: uucico Options61677
+Node: Invoking uuxqt65140
+Node: Invoking uuchk66328
+Node: Invoking uuconv66924
+Node: Invoking uusched68782
+Node: Installing Taylor UUCP69228
+Node: Compilation69759
+Node: Testing the Compilation76717
+Node: Installing the Binaries80681
+Node: Configuration81708
+Node: Testing the Installation83887
+Node: Using Taylor UUCP87024
+Node: Calling Other Systems87477
+Node: Accepting Calls90006
+Node: Mail and News91973
+Node: Sending mail or news93071
+Node: Receiving mail or news94529
+Node: The Spool Directory Layout95301
+Node: System Spool Directories96221
+Node: Status Directory98183
+Node: Execution Subdirectories100535
+Node: Other Spool Subdirectories101826
+Node: Spool Lock Files104816
+Node: Spool Directory Cleaning107374
+Node: Configuration Files108571
+Node: Configuration Overview110155
+Node: Configuration File Format112312
+Node: Configuration Examples113990
+Node: config File Examples114564
+Node: Leaf Example118452
+Node: Gateway Example121113
+Node: Time Strings125352
+Node: Chat Scripts127174
+Node: config File136369
+Node: Miscellaneous (config)137438
+Node: Configuration File Names143273
+Node: Log File Names148223
+Node: Debugging Levels149473
+Node: sys File152352
+Node: Defaults and Alternates153237
+Node: Naming the System156338
+Node: Calling Out158192
+Node: When to Call158558
+Node: Placing the Call164185
+Node: Logging In167724
+Node: Accepting a Call171352
+Node: Protocol Selection174177
+Node: File Transfer Control187934
+Node: Miscellaneous (sys)194239
+Node: Default sys File Values197380
+Node: port File198011
+Node: dial File209779
+Node: UUCP Over TCP215806
+Node: TCP Client216317
+Node: TCP Server218099
+Node: Security219564
+Node: Protocols224614
+Node: UUCP Protocol Sources226235
+Node: UUCP Grades228488
+Node: UUCP Lock Files232786
+Node: Execution File Format236188
+Node: UUCP Protocol241557
+Node: The Initial Handshake242062
+Node: UUCP Protocol Commands250464
+Node: The S Command252495
+Node: The R Command259558
+Node: The X Command263668
+Node: The E Command265602
+Node: The H Command268731
+Node: The Final Handshake269580
+Node: g Protocol270251
+Node: f Protocol280645
+Node: t Protocol283723
+Node: e Protocol284782
+Node: Big G Protocol285575
+Node: i Protocol286430
+Node: j Protocol295451
+Node: x Protocol301725
+Node: y Protocol302288
+Node: d Protocol306841
+Node: h Protocol307213
+Node: v Protocol307525
+Node: Hacking308023
+Node: System Dependence308392
+Node: Naming Conventions309785
+Node: Patches311965
+Node: Acknowledgements313920
+Node: Index (concepts)327305
+Node: Index (configuration file)338389

End Tag Table
--- uucp-1.07.orig/proty.c
+++ uucp-1.07/proty.c
@@ -606,12 +606,7 @@ fywait_for_packet (qdaemon, pfexit)
#endif
#endif
-#ifdef I386_ASM
-#define ROTATE(i) \
- asm ("rolw $1,%0" : "=g" (i) : "g" (i))
-#else
#define ROTATE(i) i += i + ((i & 0x8000) >> 15)
-#endif
static unsigned short
iychecksum (z, c)
--- uucp-1.07.orig/uucp.info-1
+++ uucp-1.07/uucp.info-1
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from uucp.texi.
+This is uucp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from uucp.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Networking tools
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* UUCP: (uucp). Transfer mail and news across phone lines.
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ File: uucp.info, Node: Top, Next: Copy
Taylor UUCP 1.07
****************
- This is the documentation for the Taylor UUCP package, version 1.07.
+This is the documentation for the Taylor UUCP package, version 1.07.
The programs were written by Ian Lance Taylor. The author can be
reached at <ian@airs.com>.
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ is answered by the majordomo program. T
message `subscribe ADDRESS' where ADDRESS is your e-mail address. To
send a message to the list, send it to <taylor-uucp@gnu.org>. There is
an archive of all messages sent to the mailing list at
-<http://lists.cirr.com>.
+`http://lists.cirr.com'.
* Menu:
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ File: uucp.info, Node: Copying, Next:
Taylor UUCP Copying Conditions
******************************
- This package is covered by the GNU Public License. See the file
+This package is covered by the GNU Public License. See the file
`COPYING' for details. If you would like to do something with this
package that you feel is reasonable, but you feel is prohibited by the
license, contact me to see if we can work it out.
@@ -274,12 +276,12 @@ Public Licenses that accompany them.

File: uucp.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Invoking the UUCP Programs, Prev: Copying, Up: Top
-Introduction to Taylor UUCP
-***************************
+1 Introduction to Taylor UUCP
+*****************************
- General introductions to UUCP are available, and perhaps one day I
-will write one. In the meantime, here is a very brief one that
-concentrates on the programs provided by Taylor UUCP.
+General introductions to UUCP are available, and perhaps one day I will
+write one. In the meantime, here is a very brief one that concentrates
+on the programs provided by Taylor UUCP.
Taylor UUCP is a complete UUCP package. It is covered by the GNU
Public License, which means that the source code is always available.
@@ -293,7 +295,7 @@ are based on earlier UUCP packages.
file name. For example, to copy the file `notes.txt' to the system
`airs', you would say `uucp notes.txt airs!~/notes.txt'. In this
example `~' is used to name the UUCP public directory on `airs'.
- For more details, see *Note uucp: Invoking uucp.
+ For more details, see *note uucp: Invoking uucp.
`uux'
The `uux' program is used to request the execution of a program on
@@ -303,7 +305,8 @@ are based on earlier UUCP packages.
on `airs', passing it standard input, you would say `uux -
airs!rnews'. The `-' means to read standard input and set things
up such that when `rnews' runs on `airs' it will receive the same
- standard input. For more details, see *Note uux: Invoking uux.
+ standard input. For more details, see *note uux: Invoking uux.
+
Neither `uucp' nor `uux' actually do any work immediately. Instead,
they queue up requests for later processing. They then start a daemon
@@ -323,19 +326,19 @@ that if anything goes wrong it might be
connection status of all the remote systems your system knows
about. The system administrator can use `uustat' to automatically
discard old jobs while sending mail to the user who requested
- them. For more details, see *Note uustat: Invoking uustat.
+ them. For more details, see *note uustat: Invoking uustat.
`uuname'
The `uuname' program by default lists all the remote systems your
system knows about. You can also use it to get the name of your
local system. It is mostly useful for shell scripts. For more
- details, see *Note uuname: Invoking uuname.
+ details, see *note uuname: Invoking uuname.
`uulog'
The `uulog' program can be used to display entries in the UUCP log
file. It can select the entries for a particular system or a
particular user. You can use it to see what has happened to your
- queued jobs in the past. For more details, see *Note uulog:
+ queued jobs in the past. For more details, see *note uulog:
Invoking uulog.
`uuto'
@@ -345,14 +348,15 @@ that if anything goes wrong it might be
transfer a file, or the contents of a directory, to a remote
system, and notify a particular user on the remote system when it
arrives. The remote user can then retrieve the file(s) with
- `uupick'. For more details, see *Note uuto: Invoking uuto, and
- see *Note uupick: Invoking uupick.
+ `uupick'. For more details, see *note uuto: Invoking uuto, and
+ see *note uupick: Invoking uupick.
`cu'
The `cu' program can be used to call up another system and
communicate with it as though you were directly connected. It can
also do simple file transfers, though it does not provide any
- error checking. For more details, *Note cu: Invoking cu.
+ error checking. For more details, *note cu: Invoking cu.
+
These eight programs just described, `uucp', `uux', `uuto',
`uupick', `uustat', `uuname', `uulog', and `cu' are the user programs
@@ -376,16 +380,17 @@ normally run automatically rather than b
requests in the queue and goes on to the next system to call. It
is also possible to force `uucico' to call a remote system even if
there is no work to be done for it, so that it can pick up any
- work that may be queued up remotely. For more details, see *Note
+ work that may be queued up remotely. For more details, see *note
uucico: Invoking uucico.
`uuxqt'
The `uuxqt' daemon processes execution requests made by the `uux'
program on remote systems. It also processes requests made on the
local system which require files from a remote system. It is
- normally started by `uucico'. For more details, see *Note uuxqt:
+ normally started by `uucico'. For more details, see *note uuxqt:
Invoking uuxqt.
+
Suppose you, on the system `bantam', want to copy a file to the
system `airs'. You would run the `uucp' command locally, with a
command like `uucp notes.txt airs!~/notes.txt'. This would queue up a
@@ -421,7 +426,7 @@ installing and configuring UUCP.
The `uuchk' program reads the UUCP configuration files and
displays a rather lengthy description of what it finds. This is
useful when configuring UUCP to make certain that the UUCP package
- will do what you expect it to do. For more details, see *Note
+ will do what you expect it to do. For more details, see *note
uuchk: Invoking uuchk.
`uuconv'
@@ -430,13 +435,13 @@ installing and configuring UUCP.
administrators converting from an older UUCP package. Taylor UUCP
is able to read and use old configuration file formats, but some
new features can not be selected using the old formats. For more
- details, see *Note uuconv: Invoking uuconv.
+ details, see *note uuconv: Invoking uuconv.
`uusched'
The `uusched' script is provided for compatibility with older UUCP
releases. It starts `uucico' to call, one at a time, all the
systems for which work has been queued. For more details, see
- *Note uusched: Invoking uusched.
+ *note uusched: Invoking uusched.
`tstuu'
The `tstuu' program is a test harness for the UUCP package; it can
@@ -444,15 +449,16 @@ installing and configuring UUCP.
correctly. However, it uses pseudo-terminals, which means that it
is less portable than the rest of the package. If it works, it
can be useful when initially installing Taylor UUCP. For more
- details, see *Note tstuu: Testing the Compilation.
+ details, see *note tstuu: Testing the Compilation.
+

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking the UUCP Programs, Next: Installing Taylor UUCP, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
-Invoking the UUCP Programs
-**************************
+2 Invoking the UUCP Programs
+****************************
- This chapter describes how to run the UUCP programs.
+This chapter describes how to run the UUCP programs.
* Menu:
@@ -474,10 +480,10 @@ Invoking the UUCP Programs

File: uucp.info, Node: Standard Options, Next: Invoking uucp, Prev: Invoking the UUCP Programs, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Standard Options
-================
+2.1 Standard Options
+====================
- All of the UUCP programs support a few standard options.
+All of the UUCP programs support a few standard options.
`-x type'
`--debug type'
@@ -514,8 +520,8 @@ Standard Options

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uucp, Next: Invoking uux, Prev: Standard Options, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uucp
-=============
+2.2 Invoking uucp
+=================
* Menu:
@@ -525,8 +531,8 @@ Invoking uucp

File: uucp.info, Node: uucp Description, Next: uucp Options, Prev: Invoking uucp, Up: Invoking uucp
-uucp Description
-----------------
+2.2.1 uucp Description
+----------------------
uucp [options] `source-file' `destination-file'
uucp [options] `source-file'... `destination-directory'
@@ -570,10 +576,10 @@ resulting file is owned by the uucp user

File: uucp.info, Node: uucp Options, Prev: uucp Description, Up: Invoking uucp
-uucp Options
-------------
+2.2.2 uucp Options
+------------------
- The following options may be given to `uucp'.
+The following options may be given to `uucp'.
`-c'
`--nocopy'
@@ -643,7 +649,7 @@ uucp Options
`-t'
`--uuto'
- This option is used by the `uuto' shell script; see *Note Invoking
+ This option is used by the `uuto' shell script; see *note Invoking
uuto::. It causes `uucp' to interpret the final argument as
`system!user'. The file(s) are sent to `~/receive/USER/LOCAL' on
the remote system, where USER is from the final argument and LOCAL
@@ -662,8 +668,8 @@ uucp Options

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uux, Next: Invoking uustat, Prev: Invoking uucp, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uux
-============
+2.3 Invoking uux
+================
* Menu:
@@ -674,8 +680,8 @@ Invoking uux

File: uucp.info, Node: uux Description, Next: uux Options, Prev: Invoking uux, Up: Invoking uux
-uux Description
----------------
+2.3.1 uux Description
+---------------------
uux [options] command
@@ -730,7 +736,7 @@ on a remote system.
`uux'. Many permit only the execution of `rmail' and `rnews'.
A request to execute an empty command (e.g., `uux sys!') will create
-a poll file for the specified system; see *Note Calling Other Systems::
+a poll file for the specified system; see *note Calling Other Systems::
for an example of why this might be useful.
The exit status of `uux' is one of the codes found in the header
@@ -740,10 +746,10 @@ file `sysexits.h'. In particular, `EX_O

File: uucp.info, Node: uux Options, Next: uux Examples, Prev: uux Description, Up: Invoking uux
-uux Options
------------
+2.3.2 uux Options
+-----------------
- The following options may be given to `uux'.
+The following options may be given to `uux'.
`-'
`-p'
@@ -822,10 +828,10 @@ uux Options

File: uucp.info, Node: uux Examples, Prev: uux Options, Up: Invoking uux
-uux Examples
-------------
+2.3.3 uux Examples
+------------------
- Here are some examples of using `uux'.
+Here are some examples of using `uux'.
uux -z - sys1!rmail user1
This will execute the command `rmail user1' on the system `sys1',
@@ -846,8 +852,8 @@ writable by the `uuxqt' daemon for this

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uustat, Next: Invoking uuname, Prev: Invoking uux, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uustat
-===============
+2.4 Invoking uustat
+===================
* Menu:
@@ -858,8 +864,8 @@ Invoking uustat

File: uucp.info, Node: uustat Description, Next: uustat Options, Prev: Invoking uustat, Up: Invoking uustat
-uustat Description
-------------------
+2.4.1 uustat Description
+------------------------
uustat -a
uustat --all
@@ -899,10 +905,10 @@ group of jobs, such as all jobs more tha

File: uucp.info, Node: uustat Options, Next: uustat Examples, Prev: uustat Description, Up: Invoking uustat
-uustat Options
---------------
+2.4.2 uustat Options
+--------------------
- The following options may be given to `uustat'.
+The following options may be given to `uustat'.
`-a'
`--all'
@@ -1077,11 +1083,11 @@ uustat Options

File: uucp.info, Node: uustat Examples, Prev: uustat Options, Up: Invoking uustat
-uustat Examples
----------------
+2.4.3 uustat Examples
+---------------------
uustat --all
- Display status of all jobs. A sample output line is as follows:
+Display status of all jobs. A sample output line is as follows:
bugsA027h bugs ian 04-01 13:50 Executing rmail ian@airs.com (sending 12 bytes)
The format is
jobid system user queue-date command (size)
@@ -1138,8 +1144,8 @@ will be error messages.

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuname, Next: Invoking uulog, Prev: Invoking uustat, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uuname
-===============
+2.5 Invoking uuname
+===================
uuname [-a] [--aliases]
uuname -l
@@ -1178,8 +1184,8 @@ local system.

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uulog, Next: Invoking uuto, Prev: Invoking uuname, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uulog
-==============
+2.6 Invoking uulog
+==================
uulog [-#] [-n lines] [-sf system] [-u user] [-DSF] [--lines lines]
[--system system] [--user user] [--debuglog] [--statslog]
@@ -1251,8 +1257,8 @@ If the UUCP programs have been compiled

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuto, Next: Invoking uupick, Prev: Invoking uulog, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uuto
-=============
+2.7 Invoking uuto
+=================
uuto files... system!user
@@ -1274,8 +1280,8 @@ Invoking uucp::.

File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uupick, Next: Invoking cu, Prev: Invoking uuto, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
-Invoking uupick
-===============
+2.8 Invoking uupick
+===================
uupick [-s system] [--system system]
@@ -1313,6 +1319,5702 @@ action to take. One of the following co
The `-s' or `--system' option may be used to restrict `uupick' to
only present files transferred from a particular system. The `uupick'
-program also supports the standard UUCP program options; see *Note
+program also supports the standard UUCP program options; see *note
Standard Options::.
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking cu, Next: Invoking uucico, Prev: Invoking uupick, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.9 Invoking cu
+===============
+
+* Menu:
+
+* cu Description:: Description of cu
+* cu Commands:: Commands Supported by cu
+* cu Variables:: Variables Supported by cu
+* cu Options:: Options Supported by cu
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: cu Description, Next: cu Commands, Prev: Invoking cu, Up: Invoking cu
+
+2.9.1 cu Description
+--------------------
+
+ cu [options] [system | phone | "dir"]
+
+ The `cu' program is used to call up another system and act as a dial
+in terminal. It can also do simple file transfers with no error
+checking.
+
+ The `cu' program takes a single non-option argument.
+
+ If the argument is the string `dir' cu will make a direct connection
+to the port. This may only be used by users with write access to the
+port, as it permits reprogramming the modem.
+
+ Otherwise, if the argument begins with a digit, it is taken to be a
+phone number to call.
+
+ Otherwise, it is taken to be the name of a system to call.
+
+ The `-z' or `--system' options may be used to name a system
+beginning with a digit, and the `-c' or `--phone' options may be used
+to name a phone number that does not begin with a digit.
+
+ The `cu' program locates a port to use in the UUCP configuration
+files. If a simple system name is given, it will select a port
+appropriate for that system. The `-p', `--port', `-l', `--line', `-s',
+and `--speed' options may be used to control the port selection.
+
+ When a connection is made to the remote system, `cu' forks into two
+processes. One reads from the port and writes to the terminal, while
+the other reads from the terminal and writes to the port.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: cu Commands, Next: cu Variables, Prev: cu Description, Up: Invoking cu
+
+2.9.2 cu Commands
+-----------------
+
+The `cu' program provides several commands that may be used during the
+conversation. The commands all begin with an escape character, which
+by default is `~' (tilde). The escape character is only recognized at
+the beginning of a line. To send an escape character to the remote
+system at the start of a line, it must be entered twice. All commands
+are either a single character or a word beginning with `%' (percent
+sign).
+
+ The `cu' program recognizes the following commands.
+
+`~.'
+ Terminate the conversation.
+
+`~! command'
+ Run command in a shell. If command is empty, starts up a shell.
+
+`~$ command'
+ Run command, sending the standard output to the remote system.
+
+`~| command'
+ Run command, taking the standard input from the remote system.
+
+`~+ command'
+ Run command, taking the standard input from the remote system and
+ sending the standard output to the remote system.
+
+`~#, ~%break'
+ Send a break signal, if possible.
+
+`~c directory, ~%cd directory'
+ Change the local directory.
+
+`~> file'
+ Send a file to the remote system. This just dumps the file over
+ the communication line. It is assumed that the remote system is
+ expecting it.
+
+`~<'
+ Receive a file from the remote system. This prompts for the local
+ file name and for the remote command to execute to begin the file
+ transfer. It continues accepting data until the contents of the
+ `eofread' variable are seen.
+
+`~p from to'
+`~%put from to'
+ Send a file to a remote Unix system. This runs the appropriate
+ commands on the remote system.
+
+`~t from to'
+`~%take from to'
+ Retrieve a file from a remote Unix system. This runs the
+ appropriate commands on the remote system.
+
+`~s variable value'
+ Set a `cu' variable to the given value. If value is not given, the
+ variable is set to `true'.
+
+`~! variable'
+ Set a `cu' variable to `false'.
+
+`~z'
+ Suspend the cu session. This is only supported on some systems.
+ On systems for which `^Z' may be used to suspend a job, `~^Z' will
+ also suspend the session.
+
+`~%nostop'
+ Turn off XON/XOFF handling.
+
+`~%stop'
+ Turn on XON/XOFF handling.
+
+`~v'
+ List all the variables and their values.
+
+`~?'
+ List all commands.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: cu Variables, Next: cu Options, Prev: cu Commands, Up: Invoking cu
+
+2.9.3 cu Variables
+------------------
+
+The `cu' program also supports several variables. They may be listed
+with the `~v' command, and set with the `~s' or `~!' commands.
+
+`escape'
+ The escape character. The default is `~' (tilde).
+
+`delay'
+ If this variable is true, `cu' will delay for a second, after
+ recognizing the escape character, before printing the name of the
+ local system. The default is true.
+
+`eol'
+ The list of characters which are considered to finish a line. The
+ escape character is only recognized after one of these is seen.
+ The default is `carriage return', `^U', `^C', `^O', `^D', `^S',
+ `^Q', `^R'.
+
+`binary'
+ Whether to transfer binary data when sending a file. If this is
+ false, then newlines in the file being sent are converted to
+ carriage returns. The default is false.
+
+`binary-prefix'
+ A string used before sending a binary character in a file
+ transfer, if the `binary' variable is true. The default is `^V'.
+
+`echo-check'
+ Whether to check file transfers by examining what the remote system
+ echoes back. This probably doesn't work very well. The default is
+ false.
+
+`echonl'
+ The character to look for after sending each line in a file. The
+ default is carriage return.
+
+`timeout'
+ The timeout to use, in seconds, when looking for a character,
+ either when doing echo checking or when looking for the `echonl'
+ character. The default is 30.
+
+`kill'
+ The character to use delete a line if the echo check fails. The
+ default is `^U'.
+
+`resend'
+ The number of times to resend a line if the echo check continues to
+ fail. The default is 10.
+
+`eofwrite'
+ The string to write after sending a file with the `~>' command.
+ The default is `^D'.
+
+`eofread'
+ The string to look for when receiving a file with the ` ~<'
+ command. The default is `$', which is intended to be a typical
+ shell prompt.
+
+`verbose'
+ Whether to print accumulated information during a file transfer.
+ The default is true.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: cu Options, Prev: cu Variables, Up: Invoking cu
+
+2.9.4 cu Options
+----------------
+
+The following options may be given to `cu'.
+
+`-e'
+`--parity=even'
+ Use even parity.
+
+`-o'
+`--parity=odd'
+ Use odd parity.
+
+`--parity=none'
+ Use no parity. No parity is also used if both `-e' and `-o' are
+ given.
+
+`-h'
+`--halfduplex'
+ Echo characters locally (half-duplex mode).
+
+`--nostop'
+ Turn off XON/XOFF handling (it is on by default).
+
+`-E char'
+`--escape char'
+ Set the escape character. Initially `~' (tilde). To eliminate the
+ escape character, use `-E '''.
+
+`-z system'
+`--system system'
+ The system to call.
+
+`-c phone-number'
+`--phone phone-number'
+ The phone number to call.
+
+`-p port'
+`-a port'
+`--port port'
+ Name the port to use.
+
+`-l line'
+`--line line'
+ Name the line to use by giving a device name. This may be used to
+ dial out on ports that are not listed in the UUCP configuration
+ files. Write access to the device is required.
+
+`-s speed'
+`-#'
+`--speed speed'
+ The speed (baud rate) to use. Here, `-#' means an actual number;
+ e.g., `-9600'.
+
+`-n'
+`--prompt'
+ Prompt for the phone number to use.
+
+`-d'
+ Enter debugging mode. Equivalent to `--debug all'.
+
+`-x type'
+`--debug type'
+`-I file'
+`--config file'
+`-v'
+`--version'
+`--help'
+ *Note Standard Options::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uucico, Next: Invoking uuxqt, Prev: Invoking cu, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.10 Invoking uucico
+====================
+
+* Menu:
+
+* uucico Description:: Description of uucico
+* uucico Options:: Options Supported by uucico
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: uucico Description, Next: uucico Options, Prev: Invoking uucico, Up: Invoking uucico
+
+2.10.1 uucico Description
+-------------------------
+
+ uucico [options]
+
+ The `uucico' daemon processes file transfer requests queued by
+`uucp' and `uux'. It is started when `uucp' or `uux' is run (unless
+they are given the `-r' or `--nouucico' options). It is also typically
+started periodically using entries in the `crontab' table(s).
+
+ When `uucico' is invoked with `-r1', `--master', `-s', `--system',
+or `-S', the daemon will place a call to a remote system, running in
+master mode. Otherwise the daemon will start in slave mode, accepting
+a call from a remote system. Typically a special login name will be
+set up for UUCP which automatically invokes `uucico' when a remote
+system calls in and logs in under that name.
+
+ When `uucico' terminates, it invokes the `uuxqt' daemon, unless the
+`-q' or `--nouuxqt' options were given; `uuxqt' executes any work
+orders created by `uux' on a remote system, and any work orders created
+locally which have received remote files for which they were waiting.
+
+ If a call fails, `uucico' will normally refuse to retry the call
+until a certain (configurable) amount of time has passed. This may be
+overriden by the `-f', `--force', or `-S' options.
+
+ The `-l', `--prompt', `-e', or `--loop' options may be used to force
+`uucico' to produce its own prompts of `login: ' and `Password:'. When
+another `uucico' daemon calls in, it will see these prompts and log in
+as usual. The login name and password will normally be checked against
+a separate list kept specially for `uucico', rather than the
+`/etc/passwd' file (*note Configuration File Names::). It is possible,
+on some systems, to configure `uucico' to use `/etc/passwd'. The `-l'
+or `--prompt' options will prompt once and then exit; in this mode the
+UUCP administrator, or the superuser, may use the `-u' or `--login'
+option to force a login name, in which case `uucico' will not prompt
+for one. The `-e' or `--loop' options will prompt again after the
+first session is over; in this mode `uucico' will permanently control a
+port.
+
+ If `uucico' receives a `SIGQUIT', `SIGTERM' or `SIGPIPE' signal, it
+will cleanly abort any current conversation with a remote system and
+exit. If it receives a `SIGHUP' signal it will abort any current
+conversation, but will continue to place calls to (if invoked with
+`-r1' or `--master') and accept calls from (if invoked with `-e' or
+`--loop') other systems. If it receives a `SIGINT' signal it will
+finish the current conversation, but will not place or accept any more
+calls.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: uucico Options, Prev: uucico Description, Up: Invoking uucico
+
+2.10.2 uucico Options
+---------------------
+
+The following options may be given to `uucico'.
+
+`-r1'
+`--master'
+ Start in master mode: call out to a remote system. Implied by
+ `-s', `--system', or `-S'. If no system is specified,
+ sequentially call every system for which work is waiting to be
+ done.
+
+`-r0'
+`--slave'
+ Start in slave mode. This is the default.
+
+`-s system'
+`--system system'
+ Call the specified system.
+
+`-S system'
+ Call the specified system, ignoring any required wait. This is
+ equivalent to `-s system -f'.
+
+`-f'
+`--force'
+ Ignore any required wait for any systems to be called.
+
+`-l'
+`--prompt'
+ Prompt for login name and password using `login: ' and
+ `Password:'. This allows `uucico' to be easily run from `inetd'.
+ The login name and password are checked against the UUCP password
+ file, which need not be `/etc/passwd'. The `--login' option may
+ be used to force a login name, in which cause `uucico' will only
+ prompt for a password.
+
+`-p port'
+`--port port'
+ Specify a port to call out on or to listen to.
+
+`-e'
+`--loop'
+ Enter an endless loop of login/password prompts and slave mode
+ daemon execution. The program will not stop by itself; you must
+ use `kill' to shut it down.
+
+`-w'
+`--wait'
+ After calling out (to a particular system when `-s', `--system',
+ or `-S' is specifed, or to all systems which have work when just
+ `-r1' or `--master' is specifed), begin an endless loop as with
+ `--loop'.
+
+`-q'
+`--nouuxqt'
+ Do not start the `uuxqt' daemon when finished.
+
+`-c'
+`--quiet'
+ If no calls are permitted at this time, then don't make the call,
+ but also do not put an error message in the log file and do not
+ update the system status (as reported by `uustat'). This can be
+ convenient for automated polling scripts, which may want to simply
+ attempt to call every system rather than worry about which
+ particular systems may be called at the moment. This option also
+ suppresses the log message indicating that there is no work to be
+ done.
+
+`-C'
+`--ifwork'
+ Only call the system named by `-s', `--system', or `-S' if there
+ is work for that system.
+
+`-D'
+`--nodetach'
+ Do not detach from the controlling terminal. Normally `uucico'
+ detaches from the terminal before each call out to another system
+ and before invoking `uuxqt'. This option prevents this.
+
+`-u name'
+`--login name'
+ Set the login name to use instead of that of the invoking user.
+ This option may only be used by the UUCP administrator or the
+ superuser. If used with `--prompt', this will cause `uucico' to
+ prompt only for the password, not the login name.
+
+`-z'
+`--try-next'
+ If a call fails after the remote system is reached, try the next
+ alternate rather than simply exiting.
+
+`-i type'
+`--stdin type'
+ Set the type of port to use when using standard input. The only
+ supported port type is TLI, and this is only available on machines
+ which support the TLI networking interface. Specifying `-i TLI'
+ causes `uucico' to use TLI calls to perform I/O.
+
+`-X type'
+ Same as the standard option `-x type'. Provided for historical
+ compatibility.
+
+`-x type'
+`--debug type'
+`-I file'
+`--config file'
+`-v'
+`--version'
+`--help'
+ *Note Standard Options::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuxqt, Next: Invoking uuchk, Prev: Invoking uucico, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.11 Invoking uuxqt
+===================
+
+ uuxqt [-c command] [-s system] [--command command] [--system system]
+
+ The `uuxqt' daemon executes commands requested by `uux' from either
+the local system or from remote systems. It is started automatically
+by the `uucico' daemon (unless `uucico' is given the `-q' or
+`--nouuxqt' options).
+
+ There is normally no need to run `uuxqt', since it will be invoked
+by `uucico'. However, `uuxqt' can be invoked directly to provide
+greater control over the processing of the work queue.
+
+ Multiple invocations of `uuxqt' may be run at once, as controlled by
+the `max-uuxqts' configuration command; see *note Miscellaneous
+(config)::.
+
+ The following options may be given to `uuxqt'.
+
+`-c command'
+`--command command'
+ Only execute requests for the specified command. For example,
+ `uuxqt --command rmail'.
+
+`-s system'
+`--system system'
+ Only execute requests originating from the specified system.
+
+`-x type'
+`--debug type'
+`-I file'
+`--config'
+`-v'
+`--version'
+`--help'
+ *Note Standard Options::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuchk, Next: Invoking uuconv, Prev: Invoking uuxqt, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.12 Invoking uuchk
+===================
+
+ uuchk [-s system] [--system system]
+
+ The `uuchk' program displays information read from the UUCP
+configuration files. It should be used to ensure that UUCP has been
+configured correctly.
+
+ The `-s' or `--system' options may be used to display the
+configuration for just the specified system, rather than for all
+systems. The `uuchk' program also supports the standard UUCP program
+options; see *note Standard Options::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uuconv, Next: Invoking uusched, Prev: Invoking uuchk, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.13 Invoking uuconv
+====================
+
+ uuconv -i type -o type [-p program] [--program program]
+ uuconv --input type --output type [-p program] [--program program]
+
+ The `uuconv' program converts UUCP configuration files from one
+format to another. The type of configuration file to read is specified
+using the `-i' or `--input' options. The type of configuration file to
+write is specified using the `-o' or `--output' options.
+
+ The supported configuration file types are `taylor', `v2', and
+`hdb'. For a description of the `taylor' configuration files, see
+*note Configuration Files::. The other types of configuration files
+are used by traditional UUCP packages, and are not described in this
+manual.
+
+ An input configuration of type `v2' or `hdb' is read from a compiled
+in directory (specified by `oldconfigdir' in `Makefile'). An input
+configuration of type `taylor' is read from a compiled in directory by
+default, but may be overridden with the standard `-I' or `--config'
+options (*note Standard Options::).
+
+ The output configuration is written to files in the directory in
+which `uuconv' is run.
+
+ Some information in the input files may not be representable in the
+desired output format, in which case `uuconv' will silently discard it.
+The output of `uuconv' should be carefully checked before it is used.
+The `uuchk' program may be used for this purpose; see *note Invoking
+uuchk::.
+
+ The `-p' or `--program' option may be used to convert specific `cu'
+configuration information, rather than the default of only converting
+the `uucp' configuration information; see *note config File::.
+
+ The `uuchk' program also supports the standard UUCP program options;
+see *note Standard Options::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Invoking uusched, Prev: Invoking uuconv, Up: Invoking the UUCP Programs
+
+2.14 Invoking uusched
+=====================
+
+The `uusched' program is actually just a shell script which invokes the
+`uucico' daemon. It is provided for backward compatibility. It causes
+`uucico' to call all systems for which there is work. Any option which
+may be given to `uucico' may also be given to `uusched'. *Note
+Invoking uucico::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Installing Taylor UUCP, Next: Using Taylor UUCP, Prev: Invoking the UUCP Programs, Up: Top
+
+3 Installing Taylor UUCP
+************************
+
+These are the installation instructions for the Taylor UUCP package.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Compilation:: Compiling Taylor UUCP
+* Testing the Compilation:: Testing the Compilation
+* Installing the Binaries:: Installing the Binaries
+* Configuration:: Configuring Taylor UUCP
+* Testing the Installation:: Testing the Installation
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Compilation, Next: Testing the Compilation, Prev: Installing Taylor UUCP, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+
+3.1 Compiling Taylor UUCP
+=========================
+
+If you have a source code distribution, you must first compile it for
+your system. Free versions of Unix, such as Linux, NetBSD, or FreeBSD,
+often come with pre-compiled binary distributions of UUCP. If you are
+using a binary distribution, you may skip to the configuration section
+(*note Configuration::).
+
+ Follow these steps to compile the source code.
+
+ 1. Take a look at the top of `Makefile.in' and set the appropriate
+ values for your system. These control where the programs are
+ installed and which user on the system owns them (normally they
+ will be owned by a special user `uucp' rather than a real person;
+ they should probably not be owned by `root').
+
+ 2. Run the shell script `configure'. This script was generated using
+ the `autoconf' program written by David MacKenzie of the Free
+ Software Foundation. It takes a while to run. It will generate
+ the file `config.h' based on `config.h.in', and, for each source
+ code directory, will generate `Makefile' based on `Makefile.in'.
+
+ You can pass certain arguments to `configure' in the environment.
+ Because `configure' will compile little test programs to see what
+ is available on your system, you must tell it how to run your
+ compiler. It recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+ `CC'
+ The C compiler. If this is not set, then if `configure' can
+ find `gcc' it will use it, otherwise it will use `cc'.
+
+ `CFLAGS'
+ Flags to pass to the C compiler when compiling the actual
+ code. If this is not set, `configure' will use `-g'.
+
+ `LDFLAGS'
+ Flags to pass to the C compiler when only linking, not
+ compiling. If this is not set, `configure' will use the
+ empty string.
+
+ `LIBS'
+ Libraries to pass to the C compiler. If this is not set,
+ `configure' will use the empty string.
+
+ `INSTALL'
+ The program to run to install UUCP in the binary directory.
+ If this is not set, then if `configure' finds the BSD
+ `install' program, it will set this to `install -c';
+ otherwise, it will use `cp'.
+
+ Suppose, for example, you want to set the environment variable `CC'
+ to `rcc'. If you are using `sh', `bash', or `ksh', invoke
+ `configure' as `CC=rcc configure'. If you are using `csh', do
+ `setenv CC rcc; sh configure'.
+
+ On some systems you will want to use `LIBS=-lmalloc'. On Xenix
+ derived versions of Unix do not use `LIBS=-lx' because this will
+ bring in the wrong versions of certain routines; if you want to use
+ `-lx' you must specify `LIBS=-lc -lx'.
+
+ You can also pass other arguments to `configure' on the command
+ line. Use `configure --help' for a complete list. Of particular
+ interest:
+ `--prefix=DIRNAME'
+ The directory under which all files are installed. Default
+ `/usr/local'.
+
+ `--with-newconfigdir=DIRNAME'
+ The directory in which to find new style configuration files.
+ Default `PREFIX/conf/uucp'.
+
+ `--with-oldconfigdir=DIRNAME'
+ The directory in which to find old style configuration files.
+ Default `/usr/lib/uucp'.
+
+ If `configure' fails for some reason, or if you have a very weird
+ system, you may have to configure the package by hand. To do
+ this, copy the file `config.h.in' to `config.h' and edit it for
+ your system. Then for each source directory (the top directory,
+ and the subdirectories `lib', `unix', and `uuconf') copy
+ `Makefile.in' to `Makefile', find the words within `@' characters,
+ and set them correctly for your system.
+
+ 3. Igor V. Semenyuk provided this (lightly edited) note about ISC
+ Unix 3.0. The `configure' script will default to passing `-posix'
+ to `gcc'. However, using `-posix' changes the environment to
+ POSIX, and on ISC 3.0, at least, the default for `POSIX_NO_TRUNC'
+ is 1. This can lead to a problem when `uuxqt' executes `rmail'.
+ `IDA sendmail' has dbm configuration files named
+ `mailertable.{dir,pag}'. Notice these names are 15 characters
+ long. When `uuxqt' compiled with the `-posix' executes `rmail',
+ which in turn executes `sendmail', the later is run under the
+ POSIX environment too. This leads to `sendmail' bombing out with
+ `'error opening 'M' database: name too long' (mailertable.dir)'.
+ It's rather obscure behaviour, and it took me a day to find out
+ the cause. I don't use the `-posix' switch; instead, I run `gcc'
+ with `-D_POSIX_SOURCE', and add `-lcposix' to `LIBS'.
+
+ 4. On some versions of BSDI there is a bug in the shell which causes
+ the default value for `CFLAGS' to be set incorrectly. If `echo
+ ${CFLAGS--g}' echoes `g' rather than `-g', then you must set
+ `CFLAGS' in the environment before running configure. There is a
+ patch available from BSDI for this bug. (Reported by David Vrona).
+
+ 5. On AIX 3.2.5, and possibly other versions, `cc -E' does not work,
+ reporting `Option NOROCONST is not valid'. Test this before
+ running configure by doing something like `touch /tmp/foo.c; cc -E
+ /tmp/foo.c'. This may give a warning about the file being empty,
+ but it should not give the `Option NOROCONST' warning. The
+ workaround is to remove the `,noroconst' entry from the `options'
+ clause in the `cc' stanza in `/etc/xlc.cfg'. (Reported by Chris
+ Lewis).
+
+ 6. You should verify that `configure' worked correctly by checking
+ `config.h' and the instances of `Makefile'.
+
+ 7. Edit `policy.h' for your local system. The comments explain the
+ various choices. The default values are intended to be
+ reasonable, so you may not have to make any changes.
+
+ You must decide what type of configuration files to use; for more
+ information on the choices, see *note Configuration::.
+
+ You must also decide what sort of spool directory you want to use.
+ If this is a new installation, I recommend `SPOOLDIR_TAYLOR';
+ otherwise, select the spool directory corresponding to your
+ existing UUCP package.
+
+ 8. Type `make' to compile everything.
+
+ The `tstuu.c' file is not particularly portable; if you can't
+ figure out how to compile it you can safely ignore it, as it is
+ only used for testing. To use STREAMS pseudo-terminals, tstuu.c
+ must be compiled with `-DHAVE_STREAMS_PTYS'; this is not
+ determined by the configure script.
+
+ If you have any other problems there is probably a bug in the
+ `configure' script.
+
+ 9. Please report any problems you have. That is the only way they
+ will get fixed for other people. Supply a patch if you can (*note
+ Patches::), or just ask for help.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Testing the Compilation, Next: Installing the Binaries, Prev: Compilation, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+
+3.2 Testing the Compilation
+===========================
+
+If your system supports pseudo-terminals, and you compiled the code to
+support the new style of configuration files (`HAVE_TAYLOR_CONFIG' was
+set to 1 in `policy.h'), you should be able to use the `tstuu' program
+to test the `uucico' daemon. If your system supports STREAMS based
+pseudo-terminals, you must compile tstuu.c with `-DHAVE_STREAMS_PTYS'.
+(The STREAMS based code was contributed by Marc Boucher).
+
+ To run `tstuu', just type `tstuu' with no arguments. You must run
+it in the compilation directory, since it runs `./uucp', `./uux' and
+`./uucico'. The `tstuu' program will run a lengthy series of tests (it
+takes over ten minutes on a slow VAX). You will need a fair amount of
+space available in `/usr/tmp'. You will probably want to put it in the
+background. Do not use `^Z', because the program traps on `SIGCHLD'
+and winds up dying. The `tstuu' program will create a directory
+`/usr/tmp/tstuu' and fill it with configuration files, and create spool
+directories `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' and `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool2'.
+
+ If your system does not support the `FIONREAD' call, the `tstuu'
+program will run very slowly. This may or may not get fixed in a later
+version.
+
+ The `tstuu' program will finish with an execute file named
+`X.SOMETHING' and a data file named `D.SOMETHING' in the directory
+`/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' (or, more likely, in subdirectories, depending
+on the choice of `SPOOLDIR' in `policy.h'). Two log files will be
+created in the directory `/usr/tmp/tstuu'. They will be named `Log1'
+and `Log2', or, if you have selected `HAVE_HDB_LOGGING' in `policy.h',
+`Log1/uucico/test2' and `Log2/uucico/test1'. There should be no errors
+in the log files.
+
+ You can test `uuxqt' with `./uuxqt -I /usr/tmp/tstuu/Config1'. This
+should leave a command file `C.SOMETHING' and a data file `D.SOMETHING'
+in `/usr/tmp/tstuu/spool1' or in subdirectories. Again, there should
+be no errors in the log file.
+
+ Assuming you compiled the code with debugging enabled, the `-x'
+switch can be used to set debugging modes; see the `debug' command for
+details (*note Debugging Levels::). Use `-x all' to turn on all
+debugging and generate far more output than you will ever want to see.
+The `uucico' daemons will put debugging output in the files `Debug1'
+and `Debug2' in the directory `/usr/tmp/tstuu'. After that, you're
+pretty much on your own.
+
+ On some systems you can also use `tstuu' to test `uucico' against
+the system `uucico', by using the `-u' switch. For this to work,
+change the definitions of `ZUUCICO_CMD' and `UUCICO_EXECL' at the top
+of `tstuu.c' to something appropriate for your system. The definitions
+in `tstuu.c' are what I used for Ultrix 4.0, on which
+`/usr/lib/uucp/uucico' is particularly obstinate about being run as a
+child; I was only able to run it by creating a login name with no
+password whose shell was `/usr/lib/uucp/uucico'. Calling login in this
+way will leave fake entries in `wtmp' and `utmp'; if you compile
+`tstout.c' (in the `contrib' directory) as a setuid `root' program,
+`tstuu' will run it to clear those entries out. On most systems, such
+hackery should not be necessary, although on SCO I had to su to `root'
+(`uucp' might also have worked) before I could run
+`/usr/lib/uucp/uucico'.
+
+ You can test `uucp' and `uux' (give them the `-r' switch to keep
+them from starting `uucico') to make sure they create the right sorts
+of files. Unfortunately, if you don't know what the right sorts of
+files are, I'm not going to tell you here.
+
+ If you can not run `tstuu', or if it fails inexplicably, don't worry
+about it too much. On some systems `tstuu' will fail because of
+problems using pseudo terminals, which will not matter in normal use.
+The real test of the package is talking to another system.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Installing the Binaries, Next: Configuration, Prev: Testing the Compilation, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+
+3.3 Installing the Binaries
+===========================
+
+You can install the executable files by becoming `root' and typing
+`make install'. Or you can look at what `make install' does and do it
+by hand. It tries to preserve your old programs, if any, but it only
+does this the first time Taylor UUCP is installed (so that if you
+install several versions of Taylor UUCP, you can still go back to your
+original UUCP programs). You can retrieve the original programs by
+typing `make uninstall'.
+
+ Note that by default the programs are compiled with debugging
+information, and they are not stripped when they are installed. You may
+want to strip the installed programs to save disk space. For more
+information, see your system documentation for the `strip' program.
+
+ Of course, simply installing the executable files is not enough. You
+must also arrange for them to be used correctly.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration, Next: Testing the Installation, Prev: Installing the Binaries, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+
+3.4 Configuring Taylor UUCP
+===========================
+
+You will have to decide what types of configuration files you want to
+use. This package supports a new sort of configuration file; see *note
+Configuration Files::. It also supports V2 configuration files
+(`L.sys', `L-devices', etc.) and HDB configuration files (`Systems',
+`Devices', etc.). No documentation is provided for V2 or HDB
+configuration files. All types of configuration files can be used at
+once, if you are so inclined. Currently using just V2 configuration
+files is not really possible, because there is no way to specify a
+dialer (there are no built in dialers, and the program does not know
+how to read `acucap' or `modemcap'); however, V2 configuration files
+can be used with a new style dial file (*note dial File::), or with a
+HDB `Dialers' file.
+
+ Use of HDB configuration files has two known bugs. A blank line in
+the middle of an entry in the `Permissions' file will not be ignored as
+it should be. Dialer programs, as found in some versions of HDB, are
+not recognized directly. If you must use a dialer program, rather than
+an entry in `Devices', you must use the `chat-program' command in a new
+style dial file; see *note dial File::. You will have to invoke the
+dialer program via a shell script or another program, since an exit
+code of 0 is required to recognize success; the `dialHDB' program in
+the `contrib' directory may be used for this purpose.
+
+ The `uuconv' (*note Invoking uuconv::) program can be used to
+convert from V2 or HDB configuration files to the new style (it can also
+do the reverse translation, if you are so inclined). It will not do all
+of the work, and the results should be carefully checked, but it can be
+quite useful.
+
+ If you are installing a new system, you will, of course, have to
+write the configuration files; see *note Configuration Files:: for
+details on how to do this.
+
+ After writing the configuration files, use the `uuchk' program to
+verify that they are what you expect; see *note Invoking uuchk::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Testing the Installation, Prev: Configuration, Up: Installing Taylor UUCP
+
+3.5 Testing the Installation
+============================
+
+After you have written the configuration files, and verified them with
+the `uuchk' program (*note Invoking uuchk::), you must check that UUCP
+can correctly contact another system.
+
+ Tell `uucico' to dial out to the system by using the `-s' system
+switch (e.g., `uucico -s uunet'). The log file should tell you what
+happens. The exact location of the log file depends upon the settings
+in `policy.h' when you compiled the program, and on the use of the
+`logfile' command in the `config' file. Typical locations are
+`/usr/spool/uucp/Log' or a subdirectory under `/usr/spool/uucp/.Log'.
+
+ If you compiled the code with debugging enabled, you can use
+debugging mode to get a great deal of information about what sort of
+data is flowing back and forth; the various possibilities are described
+with the `debug' command (*note Debugging Levels::). When initially
+setting up a connection `-x chat' is probably the most useful (e.g.,
+`uucico -s uunet -x chat'); you may also want to use `-x
+handshake,incoming,outgoing'. You can use `-x' multiple times on one
+command line, or you can give it comma separated arguments as in the
+last example. Use `-x all' to turn on all possible debugging
+information.
+
+ The debugging information is written to a file, normally
+`/usr/spool/uucp/Debug', although the default can be changed in
+`policy.h', and the `config' file can override the default with the
+`debugfile' command. The debugging file may contain passwords and some
+file contents as they are transmitted over the line, so the debugging
+file is only readable by the `uucp' user.
+
+ You can use the `-f' switch to force `uucico' to call out even if
+the last call failed recently; using `-S' when naming a system has the
+same effect. Otherwise the status file (in the `.Status' subdirectory
+of the main spool directory, normally `/usr/spool/uucp') (*note Status
+Directory::) will prevent too many attempts from occurring in rapid
+succession.
+
+ On older System V based systems which do not have the `setreuid'
+system call, problems may arise if ordinary users can start an execution
+of `uuxqt', perhaps indirectly via `uucp' or `uux'. UUCP jobs may wind
+up executing with a real user ID of the user who invoked `uuxqt', which
+can cause problems if the UUCP job checks the real user ID for security
+purposes. On such systems, it is safest to put `run-uuxqt never'
+(*note Miscellaneous (config)::) in the `config' file, so that `uucico'
+never starts `uuxqt', and invoke `uuxqt' directly from a `crontab' file.
+
+ Please let me know about any problems you have and how you got around
+them. If you do report a problem, please include the version number of
+the package you are using, the operating system you are running it on,
+and a sample of the debugging file showing the problem (debugging
+information is usually what is needed, not just the log file). General
+questions such as "why doesn't `uucico' dial out" are impossible to
+answer without much more information.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Using Taylor UUCP, Next: Configuration Files, Prev: Installing Taylor UUCP, Up: Top
+
+4 Using Taylor UUCP
+*******************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Calling Other Systems:: Calling Other Systems
+* Accepting Calls:: Accepting Calls
+* Mail and News:: Using UUCP for Mail and News
+* The Spool Directory Layout:: The Spool Directory Layout
+* Spool Directory Cleaning:: Cleaning the UUCP Spool Directory
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Calling Other Systems, Next: Accepting Calls, Prev: Using Taylor UUCP, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+
+4.1 Calling Other Systems
+=========================
+
+By default `uucp' and `uux' will automatically start up `uucico' to
+call another system whenever work is queued up. However, the call may
+fail, or you may have put in time restrictions which prevent the call
+at that time (perhaps because telephone rates are high) (*note When to
+Call::). Also, a remote system may have work queued up for your
+system, but may not be calling you for some reason (perhaps you have
+agreed that your system should always place the call). To make sure
+that work gets transferred between the systems withing a reasonable
+time period, you should arrange to periodically invoke `uucico'.
+
+ These periodic invocations are normally triggered by entries in the
+`crontab' file. The exact format of `crontab' files, and how new
+entries are added, varies from system to system; check your local
+documentation (try `man cron').
+
+ To attempt to call all systems with outstanding work, use the command
+`uucico -r1'. To attempt to call a particular system, use the command
+`uucico -s SYSTEM'. To attempt to call a particular system, but only
+if there is work for it, use the command `uucico -C -s SYSTEM'. (*note
+Invoking uucico::).
+
+ A common case is to want to try to call a system at a certain time,
+with periodic retries if the call fails. A simple way to do this is to
+create an empty UUCP command file, known as a "poll file". If a poll
+file exists for a system, then `uucico -r1' will place a call to it.
+If the call succeeds, the poll file will be deleted.
+
+ A poll file can be easily created using the `uux' command, by
+requesting the execution of an empty command. To create a poll file for
+SYSTEM, just do something like this:
+ uux -r SYSTEM!
+ The `-r' tells `uux' to not start up `uucico' immediately. Of
+course, if you do want `uucico' to start up right away, omit the `-r';
+if the call fails, the poll file will be left around to cause a later
+call.
+
+ For example, I use the following crontab entries locally:
+
+ 45 * * * * /bin/echo /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 | /bin/su uucpa
+ 40 4,10,15 * * * /usr/bin/uux -r uunet!
+
+ Every hour, at 45 minutes past, this will check if there is any work
+to be done, and, if there is, will call the appropriate system. Also,
+at 4:40am, 10:40am, and 3:40pm, this will create a poll file file for
+`uunet', forcing the next run of `uucico' to call `uunet'.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Accepting Calls, Next: Mail and News, Prev: Calling Other Systems, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+
+4.2 Accepting Calls
+===================
+
+To accept calls from another system, you must arrange matters such that
+when that system calls in, it automatically invokes `uucico' on your
+system.
+
+ The most common arrangement is to create a special user name and
+password for incoming UUCP calls. This user name typically uses the
+same user ID as the regular `uucp' user (Unix permits several user
+names to share the same user ID). The shell for this user name should
+be set to `uucico'.
+
+ Here is a sample `/etc/passwd' line to accept calls from a remote
+system named airs:
+ Uairs:PASSWORD:4:8:airs UUCP:/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
+ The details may vary on your system. You must use reasonable user
+and group ID's. You must use the correct file name for `uucico'. The
+PASSWORD must appear in the UUCP configuration files on the remote
+system, but will otherwise never be seen or typed by a human.
+
+ Note that `uucico' appears as the login shell, and that it will be
+run with no arguments. This means that it will start in slave mode and
+accept an incoming connection. *Note Invoking uucico::.
+
+ On some systems, creating an empty file named `.hushlogin' in the
+home directory will skip the printing of various bits of information
+when the remote `uucico' logs in, speeding up the UUCP connection
+process.
+
+ For the greatest security, each system which calls in should use a
+different user name, each with a different password, and the
+`called-login' command should be used in the `sys' file to ensure that
+the correct login name is used. *Note Accepting a Call::, and see
+*note Security::.
+
+ If you never need to dial out from your system, but only accept
+incoming calls, you can arrange for `uucico' to handle logins itself,
+completely controlling the port, by using the `--endless' option.
+*Note Invoking uucico::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Mail and News, Next: The Spool Directory Layout, Prev: Accepting Calls, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+
+4.3 Using UUCP for Mail and News.
+=================================
+
+Taylor UUCP does not include a mail package. All Unix systems come with
+some sort of mail delivery agent, typically `sendmail' or `MMDF'.
+Source code is available for some alternative mail delivery agents,
+such as `IDA sendmail' and `smail'.
+
+ Taylor UUCP also does not include a news package. The two major Unix
+news packages are `C-news' and `INN'. Both are available in source
+code form.
+
+ Configuring and using mail delivery agents is a notoriously complex
+topic, and I will not be discussing it here. Configuring news systems
+is usually simpler, but I will not be discussing that either. I will
+merely describe the interactions between the mail and news systems and
+UUCP.
+
+ A mail or news system interacts with UUCP in two ways: sending and
+receiving.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Sending mail or news:: Sending mail or news via UUCP
+* Receiving mail or news:: Receiving mail or news via UUCP
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Sending mail or news, Next: Receiving mail or news, Prev: Mail and News, Up: Mail and News
+
+4.3.1 Sending mail or news via UUCP
+-----------------------------------
+
+When mail is to be sent from your machine to another machine via UUCP,
+the mail delivery agent will invoke `uux'. It will generally run a
+command such as `uux - SYSTEM!rmail ADDRESS', where SYSTEM is the
+remote system to which the mail is being sent. It may pass other
+options to `uux', such as `-r' or `-g' (*note Invoking uux::).
+
+ The news system also invokes `uux' in order to transfer articles to
+another system. The only difference is that news will use `uux' to
+invoke `rnews' on the remote system, rather than `rmail'.
+
+ You should arrange for your mail and news systems to invoke the
+Taylor UUCP version of `uux'. If you only have Taylor UUCP, or if you
+simply replace any existing version of `uux' with the Taylor UUCP
+version, this will probably happen automatically. However, if you have
+two UUCP packages installed on your system, you will probably have to
+modify the mail and news configuration files in some way.
+
+ Actually, if both the system UUCP and Taylor UUCP are using the same
+spool directory format, the system `uux' will probably work fine with
+the Taylor `uucico' (the reverse is not the case: the Taylor `uux'
+requires the Taylor `uucico'). However, data transfer will be somewhat
+more efficient if the Taylor `uux' is used.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Receiving mail or news, Prev: Sending mail or news, Up: Mail and News
+
+4.3.2 Receiving mail or news via UUCP
+-------------------------------------
+
+To receive mail, all that is necessary is for UUCP to invoke `rmail'.
+Any mail delivery agent will provide an appropriate version of `rmail';
+you must simply make sure that it is in the command path used by UUCP
+(it almost certainly already is). The default command path is set in
+`policy.h', and it may be overridden for a particular system by the
+`command-path' command (*note Miscellaneous (sys)::).
+
+ Similarly, for news UUCP must be able to invoke `rnews'. Any news
+system will provide a version of `rnews', and you must ensure that is
+in a directory on the path that UUCP will search.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The Spool Directory Layout, Next: Spool Directory Cleaning, Prev: Mail and News, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+
+4.4 The Spool Directory Layout
+==============================
+
+In general, the layout of the spool directory may be safely ignored.
+However, it is documented here for the curious. This description only
+covers the `SPOOLDIR_TAYLOR' layout. The ways in which the other spool
+directory layouts differ are described in the source file
+`unix/spool.c'.
+
+ Directories and files are only created when they are needed, so a
+typical system will not have all of the entries described here.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* System Spool Directories:: System Spool Directories
+* Status Directory:: Status Spool Directory
+* Execution Subdirectories:: Execution Spool Subdirectories
+* Other Spool Subdirectories:: Other Spool Subdirectories
+* Spool Lock Files:: Spool Directory Lock Files
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: System Spool Directories, Next: Status Directory, Prev: The Spool Directory Layout, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
+
+4.4.1 System Spool Directories
+------------------------------
+
+`SYSTEM'
+ There is a subdirectory of the main spool directory for each remote
+ system.
+
+`SYSTEM/C.'
+ This directory stores files describing file transfer commands to
+ be sent to the SYSTEM. Each file name starts with `C.G', where G
+ is the job grade. Each file contains one or more commands. For
+ details of the commands, see *note UUCP Protocol Commands::.
+
+`SYSTEM/D.'
+ This directory stores data files. Files with names like
+ `D.GSSSS', where G is the grade and SSSS is a sequence number, are
+ waiting to be transferred to the SYSTEM, as directed by the files
+ in the `SYSTEM/C.' directory. Files with other names, typically
+ `D.SYSTEMGSSSS', have been received from SYSTEM and are waiting to
+ be processed by an execution file in the `SYSTEM/X.' directory.
+
+`SYSTEM/D.X'
+ This directory stores data files which will become execution files
+ on the remote system. In current practice, this directory rarely
+ exists, because most simple executions, including typical uses of
+ `rmail' and `rnews', send an `E' command rather than an execution
+ file (*note The E Command::).
+
+`SYSTEM/X.'
+ This directory stores execution files which have been received from
+ SYSTEM. This directory normally exists, even though the
+ corresponding `D.X' directory does not, because `uucico' will
+ create an execution file on the fly when it receives an `E'
+ command.
+
+`SYSTEM/SEQF'
+ This file holds the sequence number of the last job sent to
+ SYSTEM. The sequence number is used to ensure that file names are
+ unique in the remote system spool directory. The file is four
+ bytes long. Sequence numbers are composed of digits and the upper
+ case letters.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Status Directory, Next: Execution Subdirectories, Prev: System Spool Directories, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
+
+4.4.2 Status Directory
+----------------------
+
+`.Status'
+ This directory holds status files for each remote system. The
+ name of the status file is the name of the system which it
+ describes. Each status file describes the last conversation with
+ the system. Running `uustat --status' basically just formats and
+ prints the contents of the status files (*note uustat Examples::).
+
+ Each status file has a single text line with six fields.
+
+ code
+ A code indicating the status of the last conversation. The
+ following values are defined, though not all are actually
+ used.
+ `0'
+ Conversation completed normally.
+
+ `1'
+ `uucico' was unable to open the port.
+
+ `2'
+ The last call to the system failed while dailing.
+
+ `3'
+ The last call to the system failed while logging in.
+
+ `4'
+ The last call to the system failed during the initial
+ UUCP protocol handshake (*note The Initial Handshake::).
+
+ `5'
+ The last call to the system failed after the initial
+ handshake.
+
+ `6'
+ `uucico' is currently talking to the system.
+
+ `7'
+ The last call to the system failed because it was the
+ wrong time to call (this is not used if calling the
+ system is never permitted).
+
+ retries
+ The number of retries since the last successful call.
+
+ time of last call
+ The time of the last call, in seconds since the epoch (as
+ returned by the `time' system call).
+
+ wait
+ If the last call failed, this is the number of seconds since
+ the last call before `uucico' may attempt another call. This
+ is set based on the retry time; see *note When to Call::.
+ The `-f' or `-S' options to `uucico' direct it to ignore this
+ wait time; see *note Invoking uucico::.
+
+ description
+ A text description of the status, corresponding to the code
+ in the first field. This may contain spaces.
+
+ system name
+ The name of the remote system.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Execution Subdirectories, Next: Other Spool Subdirectories, Prev: Status Directory, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
+
+4.4.3 Execution Subdirectories
+------------------------------
+
+`.Xqtdir'
+ When `uuxqt' executes a job requested by `uux', it first changes
+ the working directory to the `.Xqtdir' subdirectory. This permits
+ the job to create any sort of temporary file without worrying
+ about overwriting other files in the spool directory. Any files
+ left in the `.Xqtdir' subdirectory are removed after each
+ execution is complete.
+
+`.XqtdirNNNN'
+ When several instances of `uuxqt' are executing simultaneously,
+ each one executes jobs in a separate directory. The first uses
+ `.Xqtdir', the second uses `.Xqtdir0001', the third uses
+ `.Xqtdir0002', and so forth.
+
+`.Corrupt'
+ If `uuxqt' encounters an execution file which it is unable to
+ parse, it saves it in the `.Corrupt' directory, and sends mail
+ about it to the UUCP administrator.
+
+`.Failed'
+ If `uuxqt' executes a job, and the job fails, and there is enough
+ disk space to hold the command file and all the data files, then
+ `uuxqt' saves the files in the `.Failed' directory, and sends mail
+ about it to the UUCP administrator.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Other Spool Subdirectories, Next: Spool Lock Files, Prev: Execution Subdirectories, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
+
+4.4.4 Other Spool Subdirectories
+--------------------------------
+
+`.Sequence'
+ This directory holds conversation sequence number files. These
+ are used if the `sequence' command is used for a system (*note
+ Miscellaneous (sys)::). The sequence number for the system SYSTEM
+ is stored in the file `.Sequence/SYSTEM'. It is simply stored as
+ a printable number.
+
+`.Temp'
+ This directory holds data files as they are being received from a
+ remote system, before they are moved to their final destination.
+ For file send requests which use a valid temporary file name in
+ the TEMP field of the `S' or `E' command (*note The S Command::),
+ `uucico' receives the file into `.Temp/SYSTEM/TEMP', where SYSTEM
+ is the name of the remote system, and TEMP is the temporary file
+ name. If a conversation fails during a file transfer, these files
+ are used to automatically restart the file transfer from the point
+ of failure.
+
+ If the `S' or `E' command does not include a temporary file name,
+ automatic restart is not possible. In this case, the files are
+ received into a randomly named file in the `.Temp' directory
+ itself.
+
+`.Preserve'
+ This directory holds data files which could not be transferred to a
+ remote system for some reason (for example, the data file might be
+ large, and exceed size restrictions imposed by the remote system).
+ When a locally requested file transfer fails, `uucico' will store
+ the data file in the `.Preserve' directory, and send mail to the
+ requestor describing the failure and naming the saved file.
+
+`.Received'
+ This directory records which files have been received. If a
+ conversation fails just after `uucico' acknowledges receipt of a
+ file, it is possible for the acknowledgement to be lost. If this
+ happens, the remote system will resend the file. If the file were
+ an execution request, and `uucico' did not keep track of which
+ files it had already received, this could lead to the execution
+ being performed twice.
+
+ To avoid this problem, when a conversation fails, `uucico' records
+ each file that has been received, but for which the remote system
+ may not have received the acknowledgement. It records this
+ information by creating an empty file with the name
+ `.Received/SYSTEM/TEMP', where SYSTEM is the name of the remote
+ system, and TEMP is the TEMP field of the `S' or `E' command from
+ the remote system (*note The S Command::). Then, if the remote
+ system offers the file again in the next conversation, `uucico'
+ refuses the send request and deletes the record in the `.Received'
+ directory. This approach only works for file sends which use a
+ temporary file name, but this is true of all execution requests.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Spool Lock Files, Prev: Other Spool Subdirectories, Up: The Spool Directory Layout
+
+4.4.5 Lock Files in the Spool Directory
+---------------------------------------
+
+Lock files for devices and systems are stored in the lock directory,
+which may or may not be the same as the spool directory. The lock
+directory is set at compilation time by `LOCKDIR' in `policy.h', which
+may be overridden by the `lockdir' command in the `config' file (*note
+Miscellaneous (config)::).
+
+ For a description of the names used for device lock files, and the
+format of the contents of a lock file, see *note UUCP Lock Files::.
+
+`LCK..SYS'
+ A lock file for a system, where SYS is the system name. As noted
+ above, these lock files are kept in the lock directory, which may
+ not be the spool directory. These lock files are created by
+ `uucico' while talking to a remote system, and are used to prevent
+ multiple simultaneous conversations with a system.
+
+ On systems which limit file names to 14 characters, only the first
+ eight characters of the system name are used in the lock file
+ name. This requires that the names of each directly connected
+ remote system be unique in the first eight characters.
+
+`LCK.XQT.NN'
+ When `uuxqt' starts up, it uses lock files to determine how many
+ other `uuxqt' daemons are currently running. It first tries to
+ lock `LCK.XQT.0', then `LCK.XQT.1', and so forth. This is used to
+ implement the `max-uuxqts' command (*note Miscellaneous
+ (config)::). It is also used to parcel out the `.Xqtdir'
+ subdirectories (*note Execution Subdirectories::).
+
+`LXQ.CMD'
+ When `uuxqt' is invoked with the `-c' or `--command' option (*note
+ Invoking uuxqt::), it creates a lock file named after the command
+ it is executing. For example, `uuxqt -c rmail' will create the
+ lock file `LXQ.rmail'. This prevents other `uuxqt' daemons from
+ executing jobs of the specified type.
+
+`SYSTEM/X./L.XXX'
+ While `uuxqt' is executing a particular job, it creates a lock file
+ with the same name as the `X.' file describing the job, but
+ replacing the initial `X' with `L'. This ensures that if multiple
+ `uuxqt' daemons are running, they do not simultaneously execute
+ the same job.
+
+`LCK..SEQ'
+ This lock file is used to control access to the sequence files for
+ each system (*note System Spool Directories::). It is only used
+ on systems which do not support POSIX file locking using the
+ `fcntl' system call.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Spool Directory Cleaning, Prev: The Spool Directory Layout, Up: Using Taylor UUCP
+
+4.5 Cleaning the Spool Directory
+================================
+
+The spool directory may need to be cleaned up periodically. Under some
+circumstances, files may accumulate in various subdirectories, such as
+`.Preserve' (*note Other Spool Subdirectories::) or `.Corrupt' (*note
+Execution Subdirectories::).
+
+ Also, if a remote system stops calling in, you may want to arrange
+for any queued up mail to be returned to the sender. This can be done
+using the `uustat' command (*note Invoking uustat::).
+
+ The `contrib' directory includes a simple `uuclean' script which may
+be used as an example of a clean up script. It can be run daily out of
+`crontab'.
+
+ You should periodically trim the UUCP log files, as they will
+otherwise grow without limit. The names of the log files are set in
+`policy.h', and may be overridden in the configuration file (*note
+config File::). By default they are are `/usr/spool/uucp/Log' and
+`/usr/spool/uucp/Stats'. You may find the `savelog' program in the
+`contrib' directory to be of use. There is a manual page for it in
+`contrib' as well.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration Files, Next: Protocols, Prev: Using Taylor UUCP, Up: Top
+
+5 Taylor UUCP Configuration Files
+*********************************
+
+This chapter describes the configuration files accepted by the Taylor
+UUCP package if compiled with `HAVE_TAYLOR_CONFIG' set to 1 in
+`policy.h'.
+
+ The configuration files are normally found in the directory
+NEWCONFIGDIR, which is defined by the `configure' option
+`--with-newconfigdir'; by default NEWCONFIGDIR is
+`/usr/local/conf/uucp'. However, the main configuration file,
+`config', is the only one which must be in that directory, since it may
+specify a different location for any or all of the other files. You
+may run any of the UUCP programs with a different main configuration
+file by using the `-I' or `--config' option; this can be useful when
+testing a new configuration. When you use the `-I' option the programs
+will revoke any setuid privileges.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Configuration Overview:: Configuration File Overview
+* Configuration File Format:: Configuration File Format
+* Configuration Examples:: Examples of Configuration Files
+* Time Strings:: How to Write Time Strings
+* Chat Scripts:: How to Write Chat Scripts
+* config File:: The Main Configuration File
+* sys File:: The System Configuration File
+* port File:: The Port Configuration Files
+* dial File:: The Dialer Configuration Files
+* UUCP Over TCP:: UUCP Over TCP
+* Security:: Security Issues
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration Overview, Next: Configuration File Format, Prev: Configuration Files, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.1 Configuration File Overview
+===============================
+
+UUCP uses several different types of configuration files, each
+describing a different kind of information. The commands permitted in
+each file are described in detail below. This section is a brief
+description of some of the different types of files.
+
+ The `config' file is the main configuration file. It describes
+general information not associated with a particular remote system, such
+as the location of various log files. There are reasonable defaults for
+everything that may be specified in the `config' file, so you may not
+actually need one on your system.
+
+ There may be only one `config' file, but there may be one or more of
+each other type of file. The default is one file for each type, but
+more may be listed in the `config' file.
+
+ The `sys' files are used to describe remote systems. Each remote
+system to which you connect must be listed in a `sys' file. A `sys'
+file will include information for a system, such as the speed (baud
+rate) to use, or when to place calls.
+
+ For each system you wish to call, you must describe one or more
+ports; these ports may be defined directly in the `sys' file, or they
+may be defined in a `port' file.
+
+ The `port' files are used to describe ports. A port is a particular
+hardware connection on your computer. You would normally define as
+many ports as there are modems attached to your computer. A TCP
+connection is also described using a port.
+
+ The `dial' files are used to describe dialers. Dialer is
+essentially another word for modem. The `dial' file describes the
+commands UUCP should use to dial out on a particular type of modem. You
+would normally define as many dialers as there are types of modems
+attached to your computer. For example, if you have three Telebit
+modems used for UUCP, you would probably define three ports and one
+dialer.
+
+ There are other types of configuration files, but these are the
+important ones. The other types are described below.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration File Format, Next: Configuration Examples, Prev: Configuration Overview, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.2 Configuration File Format
+=============================
+
+All the configuration files follow a simple line-oriented `KEYWORD
+VALUE' format. Empty lines are ignored, as are leading spaces; unlike
+HDB, lines with leading spaces are read. The first word on each line
+is a keyword. The rest of the line is interpreted according to the
+keyword. Most keywords are followed by numbers, boolean values or
+simple strings with no embedded spaces.
+
+ The `#' character is used for comments. Everything from a `#' to
+the end of the line is ignored unless the `#' is preceded by a `\'
+(backslash); if the `#' is preceeded by a `\', the `\' is removed but
+the `#' remains in the line. This can be useful for a phone number
+containing a `#'. To enter the sequence `\#', use `\\#'.
+
+ The backslash character may be used to continue lines. If the last
+character in a line is a backslash, the backslash is removed and the
+line is continued by the next line. The second line is attached to the
+first with no intervening characters; if you want any whitespace between
+the end of the first line and the start of the second line, you must
+insert it yourself.
+
+ However, the backslash is not a general quoting character. For
+example, you cannot use it to get an embedded space in a string
+argument.
+
+ Everything after the keyword must be on the same line. A BOOLEAN
+may be specified as `y', `Y', `t', or `T' for true and `n', `N', `f',
+or `F' for false; any trailing characters are ignored, so `true',
+`false', etc., are also acceptable.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration Examples, Next: Time Strings, Prev: Configuration File Format, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.3 Examples of Configuration Files
+===================================
+
+This section provides few typical examples of configuration files.
+There are also sample configuration files in the `sample' subdirectory
+of the distribution.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* config File Examples:: Examples of the Main Configuration File
+* Leaf Example:: Call a Single Remote Site
+* Gateway Example:: The Gateway for Several Local Systems
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: config File Examples, Next: Leaf Example, Prev: Configuration Examples, Up: Configuration Examples
+
+5.3.1 config File Examples
+--------------------------
+
+To start with, here are some examples of uses of the main configuration
+file, `config'. For a complete description of the commands that are
+permitted in `config', see *note config File::.
+
+ In many cases you will not need to create a `config' file at all.
+The most common reason to create one is to give your machine a special
+UUCP name. Other reasons might be to change the UUCP spool directory,
+or to permit any remote system to call in.
+
+ If you have an internal network of machines, then it is likely that
+the internal name of your UUCP machine is not the name you want to use
+when calling other systems. For example, here at `airs.com' our
+mail/news gateway machine is named `elmer.airs.com' (it is one of
+several machines all named `LOCALNAME.airs.com'). If we did not
+provide a `config' file, then our UUCP name would be `elmer'; however,
+we actually want it to be `airs'. Therefore, we use the following line
+in `config':
+
+ nodename airs
+
+ The UUCP spool directory name is set in `policy.h' when the code is
+compiled. You might at some point decide that it is appropriate to move
+the spool directory, perhaps to put it on a different disk partition.
+You would use the following commands in `config' to change to
+directories on the partition `/uucp':
+
+ spool /uucp/spool
+ pubdir /uucp/uucppublic
+ logfile /uucp/spool/Log
+ debugfile /uucp/spool/Debug
+
+ You would then move the contents of the current spool directory to
+`/uucp/spool'. If you do this, make sure that no UUCP processes are
+running while you change `config' and move the spool directory.
+
+ Suppose you wanted to permit any system to call in to your system and
+request files. This is generally known as "anonymous UUCP", since the
+systems which call in are effectively anonymous. By default, unknown
+systems are not permitted to call in. To permit this you must use the
+`unknown' command in `config'. The `unknown' command is followed by
+any command that may appear in the system file; for full details, see
+*note sys File::.
+
+ I will show two possible anonymous UUCP configurations. The first
+will let any system call in and download files, but will not permit
+them to upload files to your system.
+
+ # No files may be transferred to this system
+ unknown receive-request no
+ # The public directory is /usr/spool/anonymous
+ unknown pubdir /usr/spool/anonymous
+ # Only files in the public directory may be sent (the default anyhow)
+ unknown remote-send ~
+
+Setting the public directory is convenient for the systems which call
+in. It permits to request a file by prefixing it with `~/'. For
+example, assuming your system is known as `server', then to retrieve
+the file `/usr/spool/anonymous/INDEX' a user on a remote site could
+just enter `uucp server!~/INDEX ~'; this would transfer `INDEX' from
+`server''s public directory to the user's local public directory. Note
+that when using `csh' or `bash' the `!' and the second `~' must be
+quoted.
+
+ The next example will permit remote systems to upload files to a
+special directory named `/usr/spool/anonymous/upload'. Permitting a
+remote system to upload files permits it to send work requests as well;
+this example is careful to prohibit commands from unknown systems.
+
+ # No commands may be executed (the list of permitted commands is empty)
+ unknown commands
+ # The public directory is /usr/spool/anonymous
+ unknown pubdir /usr/spool/anonymous
+ # Only files in the public directory may be sent; users may not download
+ # files from the upload directory
+ unknown remote-send ~ !~/upload
+ # May only upload files into /usr/spool/anonymous/upload
+ unknown remote-receive ~/upload
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Leaf Example, Next: Gateway Example, Prev: config File Examples, Up: Configuration Examples
+
+5.3.2 Leaf Example
+------------------
+
+A relatively common simple case is a "leaf site", a system which only
+calls or is called by a single remote site. Here is a typical `sys'
+file that might be used in such a case. For full details on what
+commands can appear in the `sys' file, see *note sys File::.
+
+ This is the `sys' file that is used at `airs.com'. We use a single
+modem to dial out to `uunet'. This example shows how you can specify
+the port and dialer information directly in the `sys' file for simple
+cases. It also shows the use of the following:
+
+`call-login'
+ Using `call-login' and `call-password' allows the default login
+ chat script to be used. In this case, the login name is specified
+ in the call-out login file (*note Configuration File Names::).
+
+`call-timegrade'
+ `uunet' is requested to not send us news during the daytime.
+
+`chat-fail'
+ If the modem returns `BUSY' or `NO CARRIER' the call is
+ immediately aborted.
+
+`protocol-parameter'
+ Since `uunet' tends to be slow, the default timeout has been
+ increased.
+
+
+ This `sys' file relies on certain defaults. It will allow `uunet'
+to queue up `rmail' and `rnews' commands. It will allow users to
+request files from `uunet' into the UUCP public directory. It will
+also allow `uunet' to request files from the UUCP public directory; in
+fact `uunet' never requests files, but for additional security we could
+add the line `request false'.
+
+ # The following information is for uunet
+ system uunet
+
+ # The login name and password are kept in the callout password file
+ call-login *
+ call-password *
+
+ # We can send anything at any time.
+ time any
+
+ # During the day we only accept grade `Z' or above; at other times
+ # (not mentioned here) we accept all grades. uunet queues up news
+ # at grade `d', which is lower than `Z'.
+ call-timegrade Z Wk0755-2305,Su1655-2305
+
+ # The phone number.
+ phone 7389449
+
+ # uunet tends to be slow, so we increase the timeout
+ chat-timeout 120
+
+ # We are using a preconfigured Telebit 2500.
+ port type modem
+ port device /dev/ttyd0
+ port speed 19200
+ port carrier true
+ port dialer chat "" ATZ\r\d\c OK ATDT\D CONNECT
+ port dialer chat-fail BUSY
+ port dialer chat-fail NO\sCARRIER
+ port dialer complete \d\d+++\d\dATH\r\c
+ port dialer abort \d\d+++\d\dATH\r\c
+
+ # Increase the timeout and the number of retries.
+ protocol-parameter g timeout 20
+ protocol-parameter g retries 10
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Gateway Example, Prev: Leaf Example, Up: Configuration Examples
+
+5.3.3 Gateway Example
+---------------------
+
+Many organizations have several local machines which are connected by
+UUCP, and a single machine which connects to the outside world. This
+single machine is often referred to as a "gateway" machine.
+
+ For this example I will assume a fairly simple case. It should still
+provide a good general example. There are three machines, `elmer',
+`comton' and `bugs'. `elmer' is the gateway machine for which I will
+show the configuration file. `elmer' calls out to `uupsi'. As an
+additional complication, `uupsi' knows `elmer' as `airs'; this will
+show how a machine can have one name on an internal network but a
+different name to the external world. `elmer' has two modems. It also
+has an TCP connection to `uupsi', but since that is supposed to be
+reserved for interactive work (it is, perhaps, only a 9600 baud SLIP
+line) it will only use it if the modems are not available.
+
+ A network this small would normally use a single `sys' file.
+However, for pedagogical purposes I will show two separate `sys' files,
+one for the local systems and one for `uupsi'. This is done with the
+`sysfile' command in the `config' file. Here is the `config' file.
+
+ # This is config
+ # The local sys file
+ sysfile /usr/local/lib/uucp/sys.local
+ # The remote sys file
+ sysfile /usr/local/lib/uucp/sys.remote
+
+ Using the defaults feature of the `sys' file can greatly simplify
+the listing of local systems. Here is `sys.local'. Note that this
+assumes that the local systems are trusted; they are permited to request
+any world readable file and to write files into any world writable
+directory.
+
+ # This is sys.local
+ # Get the login name and password to use from the call-out file
+ call-login *
+ call-password *
+
+ # The systems must use a particular login
+ called-login Ulocal
+
+ # Permit sending any world readable file
+ local-send /
+ remote-send /
+
+ # Permit receiving into any world writable directory
+ local-receive /
+ remote-receive /
+
+ # Call at any time
+ time any
+
+ # Use port1, then port2
+ port port1
+
+ alternate
+
+ port port2
+
+ # Now define the systems themselves. Because of all the defaults we
+ # used, there is very little to specify for the systems themselves.
+
+ system comton
+ phone 5551212
+
+ system bugs
+ phone 5552424
+
+ The `sys.remote' file describes the `uupsi' connection. The
+`myname' command is used to change the UUCP name to `airs' when talking
+to `uupsi'.
+
+ # This is sys.remote
+ # Define uupsi
+ system uupsi
+
+ # The login name and password are in the call-out file
+ call-login *
+ call-password *
+
+ # We can call out at any time
+ time any
+
+ # uupsi uses a special login name
+ called-login Uuupsi
+
+ # uuspi thinks of us as `airs'
+ myname airs
+
+ # The phone number
+ phone 5554848
+
+ # We use port2 first, then port1, then TCP
+
+ port port2
+
+ alternate
+
+ port port1
+
+ alternate
+
+ # We don't bother to make a special entry in the port file for TCP, we
+ # just describe the entire port right here. We use a special chat
+ # script over TCP because the usual one confuses some TCP servers.
+ port type TCP
+ address uu.psi.com
+ chat ogin: \L word: \P
+
+ The ports are defined in the file `port' (*note port File::). For
+this example they are both connected to the same type of 2400 baud
+Hayes-compatible modem.
+
+ # This is port
+
+ port port1
+ type modem
+ device /dev/ttyd0
+ dialer hayes
+ speed 2400
+
+ port port2
+ type modem
+ device /dev/ttyd1
+ dialer hayes
+ speed 2400
+
+ Dialers are described in the `dial' file (*note dial File::).
+
+ # This is dial
+
+ dialer hayes
+
+ # The chat script used to dial the phone. \D is the phone number.
+ chat "" ATZ\r\d\c OK ATDT\D CONNECT
+
+ # If we get BUSY or NO CARRIER we abort the dial immediately
+ chat-fail BUSY
+ chat-fail NO\sCARRIER
+
+ # When the call is over we make sure we hangup the modem.
+ complete \d\d+++\d\dATH\r\c
+ abort \d\d+++\d\dATH\r\c
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Time Strings, Next: Chat Scripts, Prev: Configuration Examples, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.4 Time Strings
+================
+
+Several commands use time strings to specify a range of times. This
+section describes how to write time strings.
+
+ A time string may be a list of simple time strings separated with a
+vertical bar `|' or a comma `,'.
+
+ Each simple time string must begin with `Su', `Mo', `Tu', `We',
+`Th', `Fr', or `Sa', or `Wk' for any weekday, or `Any' for any day.
+
+ Following the day may be a range of hours separated with a hyphen
+using 24 hour time. The range of hours may cross 0; for example
+`2300-0700' means any time except 7 AM to 11 PM. If no time is given,
+calls may be made at any time on the specified day(s).
+
+ The time string may also be the single word `Never', which does not
+match any time. The time string may also be a single word with a name
+defined in a previous `timetable' command (*note Miscellaneous
+(config)::).
+
+ Here are a few sample time strings with an explanation of what they
+mean.
+
+`Wk2305-0855,Sa,Su2305-1655'
+ This means weekdays before 8:55 AM or after 11:05 PM, any time
+ Saturday, or Sunday before 4:55 PM or after 11:05 PM. These are
+ approximately the times during which night rates apply to phone
+ calls in the U.S.A. Note that this time string uses, for example,
+ `2305' rather than `2300'; this will ensure a cheap rate phone
+ call even if the computer clock is running up to five minutes
+ ahead of the real time.
+
+`Wk0905-2255,Su1705-2255'
+ This means weekdays from 9:05 AM to 10:55 PM, or Sunday from 5:05
+ PM to 10:55 PM. This is approximately the opposite of the
+ previous example.
+
+`Any'
+ This means any day. Since no time is specified, it means any time
+ on any day.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Chat Scripts, Next: config File, Prev: Time Strings, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.5 Chat Scripts
+================
+
+Chat scripts are used in several different places, such as dialing out
+on modems or logging in to remote systems. Chat scripts are made up of
+pairs of strings. The program waits until it sees the first string,
+known as the "expect" string, and then sends out the second string, the
+"send" string.
+
+ Each chat script is defined using a set of commands. These commands
+always end in a string beginning with `chat', but may start with
+different strings. For example, in the `sys' file there is one set of
+commands beginning with `chat' and another set beginning with
+`called-chat'. The prefixes are only used to disambiguate different
+types of chat scripts, and this section ignores the prefixes when
+describing the commands.
+
+`chat STRINGS'
+ Specify a chat script. The arguments to the `chat' command are
+ pairs of strings separated by whitespace. The first string of
+ each pair is an expect string, the second is a send string. The
+ program will wait for the expect string to appear; when it does,
+ the program will send the send string. If the expect string does
+ not appear within a certain number of seconds (as set by the
+ `chat-timeout' command), the chat script fails and, typically, the
+ call is aborted. If the final expect string is seen (and the
+ optional final send string has been sent), the chat script is
+ successful.
+
+ An expect string may contain additional subsend and subexpect
+ strings, separated by hyphens. If the expect string is not seen,
+ the subsend string is sent and the chat script continues by
+ waiting for the subexpect string. This means that a hyphen may
+ not appear in an expect string; on an ASCII system, use `\055'
+ instead.
+
+ An expect string may simply be `""', meaning to skip the expect
+ phase. Otherwise, the following escape characters may appear in
+ expect strings:
+
+ `\b'
+ a backspace character
+
+ `\n'
+ a newline or line feed character
+
+ `\N'
+ a null character (for HDB compatibility)
+
+ `\r'
+ a carriage return character
+
+ `\s'
+ a space character
+
+ `\t'
+ a tab character
+
+ `\\'
+ a backslash character
+
+ `\DDD'
+ character DDD, where DDD are up to three octal digits
+
+ `\xDDD'
+ character DDD, where DDD are hexadecimal digits.
+
+ As in C, there may be up to three octal digits following a
+ backslash, but the hexadecimal escape sequence continues as far as
+ possible. To follow a hexadecimal escape sequence with a hex
+ digit, interpose a send string of `""'.
+
+ A chat script expect string may also specify a timeout. This is
+ done by using the escape sequence `\WSECONDS'. This escape
+ sequence may only appear at the very end of the expect string. It
+ temporarily overrides the timeout set by `chat-timeout' (described
+ below) only for the expect string to which it is attached.
+
+ A send string may simply be `""' to skip the send phase.
+ Otherwise, all of the escape characters legal for expect strings
+ may be used, and the following escape characters are also
+ permitted:
+
+ `EOT'
+ send an end of transmission character (`^D')
+
+ `BREAK'
+ send a break character (may not work on all systems)
+
+ `\c'
+ suppress trailing carriage return at end of send string
+
+ `\d'
+ delay sending for 1 or 2 seconds
+
+ `\e'
+ disable echo checking
+
+ `\E'
+ enable echo checking
+
+ `\K'
+ same as `BREAK'
+
+ `\p'
+ pause sending for a fraction of a second
+
+ `\M'
+ do not require carrier signal
+
+ `\m'
+ require carrier signal (fail if not present)
+
+ Some specific types of chat scripts also define additional escape
+ sequences that may appear in the send string. For example, the
+ login chat script defines `\L' and `\P' to send the login name and
+ password, respectively.
+
+ A carriage return will be sent at the end of each send string,
+ unless the `\c' escape sequence appears in the string. Note that
+ some UUCP packages use `\b' for break, but here it means backspace.
+
+ Echo checking means that after writing each character the program
+ will wait until the character is echoed. Echo checking must be
+ turned on separately for each send string for which it is desired;
+ it will be turned on for characters following `\E' and turned off
+ for characters following `\e'.
+
+ When used with a port which does not support the carrier signal,
+ as set by the `carrier' command in the port file, `\M' and `\m'
+ are ignored. Similarly, when used in a dialer chat script with a
+ dialer which does not support the carrier signal, as set by the
+ `carrier' command in the dial file, `\M' and `\m' are ignored.
+
+`chat-timeout NUMBER'
+ The number of seconds to wait for an expect string in the chat
+ script, before timing out and sending the next subsend, or failing
+ the chat script entirely. The default value is 10 for a login
+ chat or 60 for any other type of chat.
+
+`chat-fail STRING'
+ If the STRING is seen at any time during a chat script, the chat
+ script is aborted. The string may not contain any whitespace
+ characters: escape sequences must be used for them. Multiple
+ `chat-fail' commands may appear in a single chat script. The
+ default is to have none.
+
+ This permits a chat script to be quickly aborted if an error
+ string is seen. For example, a script used to dial out on a modem
+ might use the command `chat-fail BUSY' to stop the chat script
+ immediately if the string `BUSY' was seen.
+
+ The `chat-fail' strings are considered in the order they are
+ listed, so if one string is a suffix of another the longer one
+ should be listed first. This affects the error message which will
+ be logged. Of course, if one string is contained within another,
+ but is not a suffix, the smaller string will always be found
+ before the larger string could match.
+
+`chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+ If the argument is true, all incoming characters are stripped to
+ seven bits when being compared to the expect string. Otherwise
+ all eight bits are used in the comparison. The default is true,
+ because some Unix systems generate parity bits during the login
+ prompt which must be ignored while running a chat script. This
+ has no effect on any `chat-program', which must ignore parity by
+ itself if necessary.
+
+`chat-program STRINGS'
+ Specify a program to run before executing the chat script. This
+ program could run its own version of a chat script, or it could do
+ whatever it wants. If both `chat-program' and `chat' are
+ specified, the program is executed first followed by the chat
+ script.
+
+ The first argument to the `chat-program' command is the program
+ name to run. The remaining arguments are passed to the program.
+ The following escape sequences are recognized in the arguments:
+
+ `\Y'
+ port device name
+
+ `\S'
+ port speed
+
+ `\\'
+ backslash
+
+ Some specific uses of `chat-program' define additional escape
+ sequences.
+
+ Arguments other than escape sequences are passed exactly as they
+ appear in the configuration file, except that sequences of
+ whitespace are compressed to a single space character (this
+ exception may be removed in the future).
+
+ If the `chat-program' command is not used, no program is run.
+
+ On Unix, the standard input and standard output of the program
+ will be attached to the port in use. Anything the program writes
+ to standard error will be written to the UUCP log file. No other
+ file descriptors will be open. If the program does not exit with
+ a status of 0, it will be assumed to have failed. This means that
+ the dialing programs used by some versions of HDB may not be used
+ directly, but you may be able to run them via the `dialHDB'
+ program in the `contrib' directory.
+
+ The program will be run as the `uucp' user, and the environment
+ will be that of the process that started `uucico', so care must be
+ taken to maintain security.
+
+ No search path is used to find the program; a full file name must
+ be given. If the program is an executable shell script, it will
+ be passed to `/bin/sh' even on systems which are unable to execute
+ shell scripts.
+
+
+ Here is a simple example of a chat script that might be used to
+reset a Hayes compatible modem.
+
+ chat "" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK
+
+ The first expect string is `""', so it is ignored. The chat script
+then sends `ATZ'. If the modem responds with `OK', the chat script
+finishes. If 60 seconds (the default timeout) pass before seeing `OK',
+the chat script sends another `ATZ'. If it then sees `OK', the chat
+script succeeds. Otherwise, the chat script fails.
+
+ For a more complex chat script example, see *note Logging In::.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: config File, Next: sys File, Prev: Chat Scripts, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.6 The Main Configuration File
+===============================
+
+The main configuration file is named `config'.
+
+ Since all the values that may be specified in the main configuration
+file also have defaults, there need not be a main configuration file at
+all.
+
+ Each command in `config' may have a program prefix, which is a
+separate word appearing at the beginning of the line. The currently
+supported prefixes are `uucp' and `cu'. Any command prefixed by `uucp'
+will not be read by the `cu' program. Any command prefixed by `cu'
+will only be read by the `cu' program. For example, to use a list of
+systems known only to `cu', list them in a separate file `FILE' and put
+`cu sysfile `FILE'' in `config'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Miscellaneous (config):: Miscellaneous config File Commands
+* Configuration File Names:: Using Different Configuration Files
+* Log File Names:: Using Different Log Files
+* Debugging Levels:: Debugging Levels
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Miscellaneous (config), Next: Configuration File Names, Prev: config File, Up: config File
+
+5.6.1 Miscellaneous config File Commands
+----------------------------------------
+
+`nodename STRING'
+`hostname STRING'
+`uuname STRING'
+ These keywords are equivalent. They specify the UUCP name of the
+ local host. If there is no configuration file, an appropriate
+ system function will be used to get the host name, if possible.
+
+`spool STRING'
+ Specify the spool directory. The default is from `policy.h'. This
+ is where UUCP files are queued. Status files and various sorts of
+ temporary files are also stored in this directory and
+ subdirectories of it.
+
+`pubdir STRING'
+ Specify the public directory. The default is from `policy.h'.
+ When a file is named using a leading `~/', it is taken from or to
+ the public directory. Each system may use a separate public
+ directory by using the `pubdir' command in the system
+ configuration file; see *note Miscellaneous (sys)::.
+
+`lockdir STRING'
+ Specify the directory to place lock files in. The default is from
+ `policy.h'; see the information in that file. Normally the lock
+ directory should be set correctly in `policy.h', and not changed
+ here. However, changing the lock directory is sometimes useful for
+ testing purposes. This only affects lock files for devices and
+ systems; it does not affect certain internal lock files which are
+ stored in the spool directory (*note Spool Lock Files::).
+
+`unknown STRING ...'
+ The STRING and subsequent arguments are treated as though they
+ appeared in the system file (*note sys File::). They are used to
+ apply to any unknown systems that may call in, probably to set
+ file transfer permissions and the like. If the `unknown' command
+ is not used, unknown systems are not permitted to call in.
+
+`strip-login BOOLEAN'
+ If the argument is true, then, when `uucico' is doing its own
+ login prompting with the `-e', `-l', or `-w' switches, it will
+ strip the parity bit when it reads the login name and password.
+ Otherwise all eight bits will be used when checking the strings
+ against the UUCP password file. The default is true, since some
+ other UUCP packages send parity bits with the login name and
+ password, and few systems use eight bit characters in the password
+ file.
+
+`strip-proto BOOLEAN'
+ If the argument is true, then `uucico' will strip the parity bit
+ from incoming UUCP protocol commands. Otherwise all eight bits
+ will be used. This only applies to commands which are not
+ encapsulated in a link layer protocol. The default is true, which
+ should always be correct unless your UUCP system names use eight
+ bit characters.
+
+`max-uuxqts NUMBER'
+ Specify the maximum number of `uuxqt' processes which may run at
+ the same time. Having several `uuxqt' processes running at once
+ can significantly slow down a system, but, since `uuxqt' is
+ automatically started by `uucico', it can happen quite easily. The
+ default for `max-uuxqts' is 0, which means that there is no limit.
+ If HDB configuration files are being read and the code was compiled
+ without `HAVE_TAYLOR_CONFIG', then, if the file `Maxuuxqts' in the
+ configuration directory contains a readable number, it will be used
+ as the value for `max-uuxqts'.
+
+`run-uuxqt STRING or NUMBER'
+ Specify when `uuxqt' should be run by `uucico'. This may be a
+ positive number, in which case `uucico' will start a `uuxqt'
+ process whenever it receives the given number of execution files
+ from the remote system, and, if necessary, at the end of the call.
+ The argument may also be one of the strings `once', `percall', or
+ `never'. The string `once' means that `uucico' will start `uuxqt'
+ once at the end of execution. The string `percall' means that
+ `uucico' will start `uuxqt' once per call that it makes (this is
+ only different from `once' when `uucico' is invoked in a way that
+ causes it to make multiple calls, such as when the `-r1' option is
+ used without the `-s' option). The string `never' means that
+ `uucico' will never start `uuxqt', in which case `uuxqt' should be
+ periodically run via some other mechanism. The default depends
+ upon which type of configuration files are being used; if
+ `HAVE_TAYLOR_CONFIG' is used the default is `once', otherwise if
+ `HAVE_HDB_CONFIG' is used the default is `percall', and otherwise,
+ for `HAVE_V2_CONFIG', the default is `10'.
+
+`timetable STRING STRING'
+ The `timetable' defines a timetable that may be used in
+ subsequently appearing time strings; see *note Time Strings::.
+ The first string names the timetable entry; the second is a time
+ string.
+
+ The following `timetable' commands are predefined. The NonPeak
+ timetable is included for compatibility. It originally described
+ the offpeak hours of Tymnet and Telenet, but both have since
+ changed their schedules.
+
+ timetable Evening Wk1705-0755,Sa,Su
+ timetable Night Wk2305-0755,Sa,Su2305-1655
+ timetable NonPeak Wk1805-0655,Sa,Su
+
+ If this command does not appear, then, obviously, no additional
+ timetables will be defined.
+
+`v2-files BOOLEAN'
+ If the code was compiled to be able to read V2 configuration
+ files, a false argument to this command will prevent them from
+ being read. This can be useful while testing. The default is
+ true.
+
+`hdb-files BOOLEAN'
+ If the code was compiled to be able to read HDB configuration
+ files, a false argument to this command will prevent them from
+ being read. This can be useful while testing. The default is
+ true.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Configuration File Names, Next: Log File Names, Prev: Miscellaneous (config), Up: config File
+
+5.6.2 Configuration File Names
+------------------------------
+
+`sysfile STRINGS'
+ Specify the system file(s). The default is the file `sys' in the
+ directory NEWCONFIGDIR. These files hold information about other
+ systems with which this system communicates; see *note sys File::.
+ Multiple system files may be given on the line, and the `sysfile'
+ command may be repeated; each system file has its own set of
+ defaults.
+
+`portfile STRINGS'
+ Specify the port file(s). The default is the file `port' in the
+ directory NEWCONFIGDIR. These files describe ports which are used
+ to call other systems and accept calls from other systems; see
+ *note port File::. No port files need be named at all. Multiple
+ port files may be given on the line, and the `portfile' command
+ may be repeated.
+
+`dialfile STRINGS'
+ Specify the dial file(s). The default is the file `dial' in the
+ directory NEWCONFIGDIR. These files describe dialing devices
+ (modems); see *note dial File::. No dial files need be named at
+ all. Multiple dial files may be given on the line, and the
+ `dialfile' command may be repeated.
+
+`dialcodefile STRINGS'
+ Specify the dialcode file(s). The default is the file `dialcode'
+ in the directory NEWCONFIGDIR. These files specify dialcodes that
+ may be used when sending phone numbers to a modem. This permits
+ using the same set of phone numbers in different area-codes or
+ with different phone systems, by using dialcodes to specify the
+ calling sequence. When a phone number goes through dialcode
+ translation, the leading alphabetic characters are stripped off.
+ The dialcode files are read line by line, just like any other
+ configuration file, and when a line is found whose first word is
+ the same as the leading characters from the phone number, the
+ second word on the line (which would normally consist of numbers)
+ replaces the dialcode in the phone number. No dialcode file need
+ be used. Multiple dialcode files may be specified on the line,
+ and the `dialcodefile' command may be repeated; all the dialcode
+ files will be read in turn until a dialcode is located.
+
+`callfile STRINGS'
+ Specify the call out login name and password file(s). The default
+ is the file `call' in the directory NEWCONFIGDIR. If the call out
+ login name or password for a system are given as `*' (*note
+ Logging In::), these files are read to get the real login name or
+ password. Each line in the file(s) has three words: the system
+ name, the login name, and the password. The login name and
+ password may contain escape sequences like those in a chat script
+ expect string (*note Chat Scripts::). This file is only used when
+ placing calls to remote systems; the password file described under
+ `passwdfile' below is used for incoming calls. The intention of
+ the call out file is to permit the system file to be publically
+ readable; the call out files must obviously be kept secure. These
+ files need not be used. Multiple call out files may be specified
+ on the line, and the `callfile' command may be repeated; all the
+ files will be read in turn until the system is found.
+
+`passwdfile STRINGS'
+ Specify the password file(s) to use for login names when `uucico'
+ is doing its own login prompting, which it does when given the
+ `-e', `-l' or `-w' switches. The default is the file `passwd' in
+ the directory NEWCONFIGDIR. Each line in the file(s) has two
+ words: the login name and the password (e.g., `Ufoo foopas').
+ They may contain escape sequences like those in a chat script
+ expect string (*note Chat Scripts::). The login name is accepted
+ before the system name is known, so these are independent of which
+ system is calling in; a particular login may be required for a
+ system by using the `called-login' command in the system file
+ (*note Accepting a Call::). These password files are optional,
+ although one must exist if `uucico' is to present its own login
+ prompts.
+
+ As a special exception, a colon may be used to separate the login
+ name from the password, and a colon may be used to terminate the
+ password. This means that the login name and password may not
+ contain a colon. This feature, in conjunction with the
+ `HAVE_ENCRYPTED_PASSWORDS' macro in `policy.h', permits using a
+ standard Unix `/etc/passwd' as a UUCP password file, providing the
+ same set of login names and passwords for both `getty' and
+ `uucico'.
+
+ Multiple password files may be specified on the line, and the
+ `passwdfile' command may be repeated; all the files will be read in
+ turn until the login name is found.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Log File Names, Next: Debugging Levels, Prev: Configuration File Names, Up: config File
+
+5.6.3 Log File Names
+--------------------
+
+`logfile STRING'
+ Name the log file. The default is from `policy.h'. Logging
+ information is written to this file. If `HAVE_HDB_LOGGING' is
+ defined in `policy.h', then by default a separate log file is used
+ for each system; using this command to name a log file will cause
+ all the systems to use it.
+
+`statfile STRING'
+ Name the statistics file. The default is from `policy.h'.
+ Statistical information about file transfers is written to this
+ file.
+
+`debugfile STRING'
+ Name the file to which all debugging information is written. The
+ default is from `policy.h'. This command is only effective if the
+ code has been compiled to include debugging (this is controlled by
+ the `DEBUG' macro in `policy.h'). If debugging is on, messages
+ written to the log file are also written to the debugging file to
+ make it easier to keep the order of actions straight. The
+ debugging file is different from the log file because information
+ such as passwords can appear in it, so it must be not be
+ publically readable.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Debugging Levels, Prev: Log File Names, Up: config File
+
+5.6.4 Debugging Levels
+----------------------
+
+`debug STRING ...'
+ Set the debugging level. This command is only effective if the
+ code has been compiled to include debugging. The default is to
+ have no debugging. The arguments are strings which name the types
+ of debugging to be turned on. The following types of debugging
+ are defined:
+
+ `abnormal'
+ Output debugging messages for abnormal situations, such as
+ recoverable errors.
+
+ `chat'
+ Output debugging messages for chat scripts.
+
+ `handshake'
+ Output debugging messages for the initial handshake.
+
+ `uucp-proto'
+ Output debugging messages for the UUCP session protocol.
+
+ `proto'
+ Output debugging messages for the individual link protocols.
+
+ `port'
+ Output debugging messages for actions on the communication
+ port.
+
+ `config'
+ Output debugging messages while reading the configuration
+ files.
+
+ `spooldir'
+ Output debugging messages for actions in the spool directory.
+
+ `execute'
+ Output debugging messages whenever another program is
+ executed.
+
+ `incoming'
+ List all incoming data in the debugging file.
+
+ `outgoing'
+ List all outgoing data in the debugging file.
+
+ `all'
+ All of the above.
+
+ The debugging level may also be specified as a number. A 1 will
+ set `chat' debugging, a 2 will set both `chat' and `handshake'
+ debugging, and so on down the possibilities. Currently an 11 will
+ turn on all possible debugging, since there are 11 types of
+ debugging messages listed above; more debugging types may be added
+ in the future. The `debug' command may be used several times in
+ the configuration file; every debugging type named will be turned
+ on. When running any of the programs, the `-x' switch (actually,
+ for `uulog' it's the `-X' switch) may be used to turn on
+ debugging. The argument to the `-x' switch is one of the strings
+ listed above, or a number as described above, or a comma separated
+ list of strings (e.g., `-x chat,handshake'). The `-x' switch may
+ also appear several times on the command line, in which case all
+ named debugging types will be turned on. The `-x' debugging is in
+ addition to any debugging specified by the `debug' command; there
+ is no way to cancel debugging information. The debugging level
+ may also be set specifically for calls to or from a specific
+ system with the `debug' command in the system file (*note
+ Miscellaneous (sys)::).
+
+ The debugging messages are somewhat idiosyncratic; it may be
+ necessary to refer to the source code for additional information
+ in some cases.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: sys File, Next: port File, Prev: config File, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.7 The System Configuration File
+=================================
+
+By default there is a single system configuration, named `sys' in the
+directory NEWCONFIGDIR. This may be overridden by the `sysfile'
+command in the main configuration file; see *note Configuration File
+Names::.
+
+ These files describe all remote systems known to the UUCP package.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Defaults and Alternates:: Using Defaults and Alternates
+* Naming the System:: Naming the System
+* Calling Out:: Calling Out
+* Accepting a Call:: Accepting a Call
+* Protocol Selection:: Protocol Selection
+* File Transfer Control:: File Transfer Control
+* Miscellaneous (sys):: Miscellaneous sys File Commands
+* Default sys File Values:: Default Values
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Defaults and Alternates, Next: Naming the System, Prev: sys File, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.1 Defaults and Alternates
+-----------------------------
+
+The first set of commands in the file, up to the first `system'
+command, specify defaults to be used for all systems in that file. Each
+`sys' file uses a different set of defaults.
+
+ Subsequently, each set of commands from `system' up to the next
+`system' command describe a particular system. Default values may be
+overridden for specific systems.
+
+ Each system may then have a series of alternate choices to use when
+calling out or calling in. The first set of commands for a particular
+system, up to the first `alternate' command, provide the first choice.
+Subsequently, each set of commands from `alternate' up to the next
+`alternate' command describe an alternate choice for calling out or
+calling in.
+
+ When a system is called, the commands before the first `alternate'
+are used to select a phone number, port, and so forth; if the call fails
+for some reason, the commands between the first `alternate' and the
+second are used, and so forth. Well, not quite. Actually, each
+succeeding alternate will only be used if it is different in some
+relevant way (different phone number, different chat script, etc.). If
+you want to force the same alternate to be used again (to retry a phone
+call more than once, for example), enter the phone number (or any other
+relevant field) again to make it appear different.
+
+ The alternates can also be used to give different permissions to an
+incoming call based on the login name. This will only be done if the
+first set of commands, before the first `alternate' command, uses the
+`called-login' command. The list of alternates will be searched, and
+the first alternate with a matching `called-login' command will be
+used. If no alternates match, the call will be rejected.
+
+ The `alternate' command may also be used in the file-wide defaults
+(the set of commands before the first `system' command). This might be
+used to specify a list of ports which are available for all systems
+(for an example of this, see *note Gateway Example::) or to specify
+permissions based on the login name used by the remote system when it
+calls in. The first alternate for each system will default to the
+first alternate for the file-wide defaults (as modified by the commands
+used before the first `alternate' command for this system), the second
+alternate for each system to the second alternate for the file-wide
+defaults (as modified the same way), and so forth. If a system
+specifies more alternates than the file-wide defaults, the trailing
+ones will default to the last file-wide default alternate. If a system
+specifies fewer alternates than the file-wide defaults, the trailing
+file-wide default alternates will be used unmodified. The
+`default-alternates' command may be used to modify this behaviour.
+
+ This can all get rather confusing, although it's easier to use than
+to describe concisely; the `uuchk' program may be used to ensure that
+you are getting what you want.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Naming the System, Next: Calling Out, Prev: Defaults and Alternates, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.2 Naming the System
+-----------------------
+
+`system STRING'
+ Specify the remote system name. Subsequent commands up to the next
+ `system' command refer to this system.
+
+`alternate [STRING]'
+ Start an alternate set of commands (*note Defaults and
+ Alternates::). An optional argument may be used to name the
+ alternate. This name will be recorded in the log file if the
+ alternate is used to call the system. There is no way to name the
+ first alternate (the commands before the first `alternate'
+ command).
+
+`default-alternates BOOLEAN'
+ If the argument is false, any remaining default alternates (from
+ the defaults specified at the top of the current system file) will
+ not be used. The default is true.
+
+`alias STRING'
+ Specify an alias for the current system. The alias may be used by
+ local `uucp' and `uux' commands, as well as by the remote system
+ (which can be convenient if a remote system changes its name).
+ The default is to have no aliases.
+
+`myname STRING'
+ Specifies a different system name to use when calling the remote
+ system. Also, if `called-login' is used and is not `ANY', then,
+ when a system logs in with that login name, STRING is used as the
+ local system name. Because the local system name must be
+ determined before the remote system has identified itself, using
+ `myname' and `called-login' together for any system will set the
+ local name for that login; this means that each locally used
+ system name must have a unique login name associated with it.
+ This allows a system to have different names for an external and
+ an internal network. The default is to not use a special local
+ name.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Calling Out, Next: Accepting a Call, Prev: Naming the System, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.3 Calling Out
+-----------------
+
+This section describes commands used when placing a call to another
+system.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* When to Call:: When to Call
+* Placing the Call:: Placing the Call
+* Logging In:: Logging In
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: When to Call, Next: Placing the Call, Prev: Calling Out, Up: Calling Out
+
+5.7.3.1 When to Call
+....................
+
+`time STRING [NUMBER]'
+ Specify when the system may be called. The first argument is a
+ time string; see *note Time Strings::. The optional second
+ argument specifies a retry time in minutes. If a call made during
+ a time that matches the time string fails, no more calls are
+ permitted until the retry time has passed. By default an
+ exponentially increasing retry time is used: after each failure
+ the next retry period is longer. A retry time specified in the
+ `time' command is always a fixed amount of time.
+
+ The `time' command may appear multiple times in a single alternate,
+ in which case if any time string matches the system may be called.
+ When the `time' command is used for a particular system, any `time'
+ or `timegrade' commands that appeared in the system defaults are
+ ignored.
+
+ The default time string is `Never'.
+
+`timegrade CHARACTER STRING [NUMBER]'
+ The CHARACTER specifies a grade. It must be a single letter or
+ digit. The STRING is a time string (*note Time Strings::). All
+ jobs of grade CHARACTER or higher (where `0' > `9' > `A' > `Z' >
+ `a' > `z') may be run at the specified time. An ordinary `time'
+ command is equivalent to using `timegrade' with a grade of `z',
+ permitting all jobs. If there are no jobs of a sufficiently high
+ grade according to the time string, the system will not be called.
+ Giving the `-s' switch to `uucico' to force it to call a system
+ causes it to assume there is a job of grade `0' waiting to be run.
+
+ The optional third argument specifies a retry time in minutes.
+ See the `time' command, above, for more details.
+
+ Note that the `timegrade' command serves two purposes: 1) if there
+ is no job of sufficiently high grade the system will not be
+ called, and 2) if the system is called anyway (because the `-s'
+ switch was given to `uucico') only jobs of sufficiently high grade
+ will be transferred. However, if the other system calls in, the
+ `timegrade' commands are ignored, and jobs of any grade may be
+ transferred (but see `call-timegrade' and `called-timegrade',
+ below). Also, the `timegrade' command will not prevent the other
+ system from transferring any job it chooses, regardless of who
+ placed the call.
+
+ The `timegrade' command may appear multiple times without using
+ `alternate'. When the `timegrade' command is used for a
+ particular system, any `time' or `timegrade' commands that
+ appeared in the system defaults are ignored.
+
+ If this command does not appear, there are no restrictions on what
+ grade of work may be done at what time.
+
+`max-retries NUMBER'
+ Gives the maximum number of times this system may be retried. If
+ this many calls to the system fail, it will be called at most once
+ a day whatever the retry time is. The default is 26.
+
+`success-wait NUMBER'
+ A retry time, in seconds, which applies after a successful call.
+ This can be used to put a limit on how frequently the system is
+ called. For example, an argument of 1800 means that the system
+ will not be called more than once every half hour. The default is
+ 0, which means that there is no limit.
+
+`call-timegrade CHARACTER STRING'
+ The CHARACTER is a single character `A' to `Z', `a' to `z', or `0'
+ to `9' and specifies a grade. The STRING is a time string (*note
+ Time Strings::). If a call is placed to the other system during a
+ time which matches the time string, the remote system will be
+ requested to only run jobs of grade CHARACTER or higher.
+ Unfortunately, there is no way to guarantee that the other system
+ will obey the request (this UUCP package will, but there are
+ others which will not); moreover, job grades are historically
+ somewhat arbitrary, so specifying a grade will only be meaningful
+ if the other system cooperates in assigning grades. This grade
+ restriction only applies when the other system is called, not when
+ the other system calls in.
+
+ The `call-timegrade' command may appear multiple times without
+ using `alternate'. If this command does not appear, or if none of
+ the time strings match, the remote system will be allowed to send
+ whatever grades of work it chooses.
+
+`called-timegrade CHARACTER STRING'
+ The CHARACTER is a single character `A' to `Z', `a' to `z', or `0'
+ to `9' and specifies a grade. The STRING is a time string (*note
+ Time Strings::). If a call is received from the other system
+ during a time which matches the time string, only jobs of grade
+ CHARACTER or higher will be sent to the remote system. This
+ allows the job grade to be set for incoming calls, overriding any
+ request made by the remote uucico. As noted above, job grades are
+ historically somewhat arbitrary, so specifying a grade will only be
+ meaningful if the other system cooperates in assigning grades.
+ This grade restriction only applies to jobs on the local system;
+ it does not affect the jobs transferred by the remote system.
+ This grade restriction only applies when the other system calls
+ in, not when the other system is called.
+
+ The `called-timegrade' command may appear multiple times. If this
+ command does not appear, or if none of the time strings match, any
+ grade may be sent to the remote system upon receiving a call.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Placing the Call, Next: Logging In, Prev: When to Call, Up: Calling Out
+
+5.7.3.2 Placing the Call
+........................
+
+`speed NUMBER'
+
+`baud NUMBER'
+ Specify the speed (the term "baud" is technically incorrect, but
+ widely understood) at which to call the system. This will try all
+ available ports with that speed until an unlocked port is found.
+ The ports are defined in the port file. If both `speed' and
+ `port' commands appear, both are used when selecting a port. To
+ allow calls at more than one speed, the `alternate' command must be
+ used (*note Defaults and Alternates::). If this command does not
+ appear, there is no default; the speed may be specified in the port
+ file, but if it is not then the natural speed of the port will be
+ used (whatever that means on the system). Specifying an explicit
+ speed of 0 will request the natural speed of the port (whatever
+ the system sets it to), overriding any default speed from the
+ defaults at the top of the file.
+
+`port STRING'
+ Name a particular port or type of port to use when calling the
+ system. The information for this port is obtained from the port
+ file. If this command does not appear, there is no default; a
+ port must somehow be specified in order to call out (it may be
+ specified implicitly using the `speed' command or explicitly using
+ the next version of `port'). There may be many ports with the
+ same name; each will be tried in turn until an unlocked one is
+ found which matches the desired speed.
+
+`port STRING ...'
+ If more than one string follows the `port' command, the strings are
+ treated as a command that might appear in the port file (*note
+ port File::). If a port is named (by using a single string
+ following `port') these commands are ignored; their purpose is to
+ permit defining the port completely in the system file rather than
+ always requiring entries in two different files. In order to call
+ out, a port must be specified using some version of the `port'
+ command, or by using the `speed' command to select ports from the
+ port file.
+
+`phone STRING'
+`address STRING'
+ Give a phone number to call (when using a modem port) or a remote
+ host to contact (when using a TCP or TLI port). The commands
+ `phone' and `address' are equivalent; the duplication is intended
+ to provide a mnemonic choice depending on the type of port in use.
+
+ When used with a modem port, an `=' character in the phone number
+ means to wait for a secondary dial tone (although only some modems
+ support this); a `-' character means to pause while dialing for 1
+ second (again, only some modems support this). If the system has
+ more than one phone number, each one must appear in a different
+ alternate. The `phone' command must appear in order to call out
+ on a modem; there is no default.
+
+ When used with a TCP port, the string names the host to contact.
+ It may be a domain name or a numeric Internet address. If no
+ address is specified, the system name is used.
+
+ When used with a TLI port, the string is treated as though it were
+ an expect string in a chat script, allowing the use of escape
+ characters (*note Chat Scripts::). The `dialer-sequence' command
+ in the port file may override this address (*note port File::).
+
+ When used with a port that not a modem or TCP or TLI, this command
+ is ignored.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Logging In, Prev: Placing the Call, Up: Calling Out
+
+5.7.3.3 Logging In
+..................
+
+`chat STRINGS'
+
+`chat-timeout NUMBER'
+
+`chat-fail STRING'
+
+`chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+
+`chat-program STRINGS'
+ These commands describe a chat script to use when logging on to a
+ remote system. This login chat script is run after any chat
+ script defined in the `dial' file (*note dial File::). Chat
+ scripts are explained in *note Chat Scripts::.
+
+ Two additional escape sequences may be used in send strings.
+
+ `\L'
+ Send the login name, as set by the `call-login' command.
+
+ `\P'
+ Send the password, as set by the `call-password' command.
+
+ Three additional escape sequences may be used with the
+ `chat-program' command. These are `\L' and `\P', which become the
+ login name and password, respectively, and `\Z', which becomes the
+ name of the system of being called.
+
+ The default chat script is:
+
+ chat "" \r\c ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \L word: \P
+
+ This will send a carriage return (the `\c' suppresses the
+ additional trailing carriage return that would otherwise be sent)
+ and waits for the string `ogin:' (which would be the last part of
+ the `login:' prompt supplied by a Unix system). If it doesn't see
+ `ogin:', it sends a break and waits for `ogin:' again. If it
+ still doesn't see `ogin:', it sends another break and waits for
+ `ogin:' again. If it still doesn't see `ogin:', the chat script
+ aborts and hangs up the phone. If it does see `ogin:' at some
+ point, it sends the login name (as specified by the `call-login'
+ command) followed by a carriage return (since all send strings are
+ followed by a carriage return unless `\c' is used) and waits for
+ the string `word:' (which would be the last part of the
+ `Password:' prompt supplied by a Unix system). If it sees
+ `word:', it sends the password and a carriage return, completing
+ the chat script. The program will then enter the handshake phase
+ of the UUCP protocol.
+
+ This chat script will work for most systems, so you will only be
+ required to use the `call-login' and `call-password' commands. In
+ fact, in the file-wide defaults you could set defaults of
+ `call-login *' and `call-password *'; you would then just have to
+ make an entry for each system in the call-out login file.
+
+ Some systems seem to flush input after the `login:' prompt, so they
+ may need a version of this chat script with a `\d' before the
+ `\L'. When using UUCP over TCP, some servers will not be handle
+ the initial carriage return sent by this chat script; in this case
+ you may have to specify the simple chat script `ogin: \L word: \P'.
+
+`call-login STRING'
+ Specify the login name to send with `\L' in the chat script. If
+ the string is `*' (e.g., `call-login *') the login name will be
+ fetched from the call out login name and password file (*note
+ Configuration File Names::). The string may contain escape
+ sequences as though it were an expect string in a chat script
+ (*note Chat Scripts::). There is no default.
+
+`call-password STRING'
+ Specify the password to send with `\P' in the chat script. If the
+ string is `*' (e.g., `call-password *') the password will be
+ fetched from the call-out login name and password file (*note
+ Configuration File Names::). The string may contain escape
+ sequences as though it were an expect string in a chat script
+ (*note Chat Scripts::). There is no default.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Accepting a Call, Next: Protocol Selection, Prev: Calling Out, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.4 Accepting a Call
+----------------------
+
+`called-login STRINGS'
+ The first STRING specifies the login name that the system must use
+ when calling in. If it is `ANY' (e.g., `called-login ANY') any
+ login name may be used; this is useful to override a file-wide
+ default and to indicate that future alternates may have different
+ login names. Case is significant. The default value is `ANY'.
+
+ Different alternates (*note Defaults and Alternates::) may use
+ different `called-login' commands, in which case the login name
+ will be used to select which alternate is in effect; this will
+ only work if the first alternate (before the first `alternate'
+ command) uses the `called-login' command.
+
+ Additional strings may be specified after the login name; they are
+ a list of which systems are permitted to use this login name. If
+ this feature is used, then normally the login name will only be
+ given in a single `called-login' command. Only systems which
+ appear on the list, or which use an explicit `called-login'
+ command, will be permitted to use that login name. If the same
+ login name is used more than once with a list of systems, all the
+ lists are concatenated together. This feature permits you to
+ restrict a login name to a particular set of systems without
+ requiring you to use the `called-login' command for every single
+ system; you can achieve a similar effect by using a different
+ system file for each permitted login name with an appropriate
+ `called-login' command in the file-wide defaults.
+
+`callback BOOLEAN'
+ If BOOLEAN is true, then when the remote system calls `uucico'
+ will hang up the connection and prepare to call it back. The
+ default is false.
+
+`called-chat STRINGS'
+
+`called-chat-timeout NUMBER'
+
+`called-chat-fail STRING'
+
+`called-chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+
+`called-chat-program STRINGS'
+ These commands may be used to define a chat script (*note Chat
+ Scripts::) that is run whenever the local system is called by the
+ system being defined. The chat script defined by the `chat'
+ command (*note Logging In::), on the other hand, is used when the
+ remote system is called. This called chat script might be used to
+ set special modem parameters that are appropriate to a particular
+ system. It is run after protocol negotiation is complete, but
+ before the protocol has been started. For additional escape
+ sequence which may be used besides those defined for all chat
+ scripts, see *note Logging In::. There is no default called chat
+ script. If the called chat script fails, the incoming call will
+ be aborted.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Protocol Selection, Next: File Transfer Control, Prev: Accepting a Call, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.5 Protocol Selection
+------------------------
+
+`protocol STRING'
+ Specifies which protocols to use for the other system, and in which
+ order to use them. This would not normally be used. For example,
+ `protocol tfg'.
+
+ The default depends on the characteristics of the port and the
+ dialer, as specified by the `seven-bit' and `reliable' commands.
+ If neither the port nor the dialer use either of these commands,
+ the default is to assume an eight-bit reliable connection. The
+ commands `seven-bit true' or `reliable false' might be used in
+ either the port or the dialer to change this. Each protocol has
+ particular requirements that must be met before it will be
+ considered during negotiation with the remote side.
+
+ The `t' and `e' protocols are intended for use over TCP or some
+ other communication path with end to end reliability, as they do no
+ checking of the data at all. They will only be considered on a
+ TCP port which is both reliable and eight bit. For technical
+ details, see *note t Protocol::, and *note e Protocol::.
+
+ The `i' protocol is a bidirectional protocol. It requires an
+ eight-bit connection. It will run over a half-duplex link, such as
+ Telebit modems in PEP mode, but for efficient use of such a
+ connection you must use the `half-duplex' command (*note port
+ File::). *Note i Protocol::.
+
+ The `g' protocol is robust, but requires an eight-bit connection.
+ *Note g Protocol::.
+
+ The `G' protocol is the System V Release 4 version of the `g'
+ protocol. *Note Big G Protocol::.
+
+ The `a' protocol is a Zmodem like protocol, contributed by Doug
+ Evans. It requires an eight-bit connection, but unlike the `g' or
+ `i' protocol it will work if certain control characters may not be
+ transmitted.
+
+ The `j' protocol is a variant of the `i' protocol which can avoid
+ certain control characters. The set of characters it avoids can
+ be set by a parameter. While it technically does not require an
+ eight bit connection (it could be configured to avoid all
+ characters with the high bit set) it would be very inefficient to
+ use it over one. It is useful over a eight-bit connection that
+ will not transmit certain control characters. *Note j Protocol::.
+
+ The `f' protocol is intended for use with X.25 connections; it
+ checksums each file as a whole, so any error causes the entire
+ file to be retransmitted. It requires a reliable connection, but
+ only uses seven-bit transmissions. It is a streaming protocol,
+ so, while it can be used on a serial port, the port must be
+ completely reliable and flow controlled; many aren't. *Note f
+ Protocol::.
+
+ The `v' protocol is the `g' protocol as used by the DOS program
+ UUPC/Extended. It is provided only so that UUPC/Extended users
+ can use it; there is no particular reason to select it. *Note v
+ Protocol::.
+
+ The `y' protocol is an efficient streaming protocol. It does error
+ checking, but when it detects an error it immediately aborts the
+ connection. This requires a reliable, flow controlled, eight-bit
+ connection. In practice, it is only useful on a connection that is
+ nearly always error-free. Unlike the `t' and `e' protocols, the
+ connection need not be entirely error-free, so the `y' protocol
+ can be used on a serial port. *Note y Protocol::.
+
+ The protocols will be considered in the order shown above. This
+ means that if neither the `seven-bit' nor the `reliable' command
+ are used, the `t' protocol will be used over a TCP connection and
+ the `i' protocol will be used over any other type of connection
+ (subject, of course, to what is supported by the remote system; it
+ may be assumed that all systems support the `g' protocol).
+
+ Note that currently specifying both `seven-bit true' and `reliable
+ false' will not match any protocol. If this occurs through a
+ combination of port and dialer specifications, you will have to
+ use the `protocol' command for the system or no protocol will be
+ selected at all (the only reasonable choice would be `protocol f').
+
+ A protocol list may also be specified for a port (*note port
+ File::), but, if there is a list for the system, the list for the
+ port is ignored.
+
+`protocol-parameter CHARACTER STRING ...'
+ CHARACTER is a single character specifying a protocol. The
+ remaining strings are a command specific to that protocol which
+ will be executed if that protocol is used. A typical command is
+ something like `window 7'. The particular commands are protocol
+ specific.
+
+ The `i' protocol supports the following commands, all of which take
+ numeric arguments:
+
+ `window'
+ The window size to request the remote system to use. This
+ must be between 1 and 16 inclusive. The default is 16.
+
+ `packet-size'
+ The packet size to request the remote system to use. This
+ must be between 1 and 4095 inclusive. The default is 1024.
+
+ `remote-packet-size'
+ If this is between 1 and 4095 inclusive, the packet size
+ requested by the remote system is ignored, and this is used
+ instead. The default is 0, which means that the remote
+ system's request is honored.
+
+ `sync-timeout'
+ The length of time, in seconds, to wait for a SYNC packet
+ from the remote system. SYNC packets are exchanged when the
+ protocol is started. The default is 10.
+
+ `sync-retries'
+ The number of times to retry sending a SYNC packet before
+ giving up. The default is 6.
+
+ `timeout'
+ The length of time, in seconds, to wait for an incoming
+ packet before sending a negative acknowledgement. The
+ default is 10.
+
+ `retries'
+ The number of times to retry sending a packet or a negative
+ acknowledgement before giving up and closing the connection.
+ The default is 6.
+
+ `errors'
+ The maximum number of errors to permit before closing the
+ connection. The default is 100.
+
+ `error-decay'
+ The rate at which to ignore errors. Each time this many
+ packets are received, the error count is decreased by one, so
+ that a long connection with an occasional error will not
+ exceed the limit set by `errors'. The default is 10.
+
+ `ack-frequency'
+ The number of packets to receive before sending an
+ acknowledgement. The default is half the requested window
+ size, which should provide good performance in most cases.
+
+ The `g', `G' and `v' protocols support the following commands, all
+ of which take numeric arguments, except `short-packets' which
+ takes a boolean argument:
+
+ `window'
+ The window size to request the remote system to use. This
+ must be between 1 and 7 inclusive. The default is 7.
+
+ `packet-size'
+ The packet size to request the remote system to use. This
+ must be a power of 2 between 32 and 4096 inclusive. The
+ default is 64 for the `g' and `G' protocols and 1024 for the
+ `v' protocol. Many older UUCP packages do not support packet
+ sizes larger than 64, and many others do not support packet
+ sizes larger than 128. Some UUCP packages will even dump
+ core if a larger packet size is requested. The packet size
+ is not a negotiation, and it may be different in each
+ direction. If you request a packet size larger than the
+ remote system supports, you will not be able to send any
+ files.
+
+ `startup-retries'
+ The number of times to retry the initialization sequence.
+ The default is 8.
+
+ `init-retries'
+ The number of times to retry one phase of the initialization
+ sequence (there are three phases). The default is 4.
+
+ `init-timeout'
+ The timeout in seconds for one phase of the initialization
+ sequence. The default is 10.
+
+ `retries'
+ The number of times to retry sending either a data packet or
+ a request for the next packet. The default is 6.
+
+ `timeout'
+ The timeout in seconds when waiting for either a data packet
+ or an acknowledgement. The default is 10.
+
+ `garbage'
+ The number of unrecognized bytes to permit before dropping the
+ connection. This must be larger than the packet size. The
+ default is 10000.
+
+ `errors'
+ The number of errors (malformed packets, out of order
+ packets, bad checksums, or packets rejected by the remote
+ system) to permit before dropping the connection. The
+ default is 100.
+
+ `error-decay'
+ The rate at which to ignore errors. Each time this many
+ packets are received, the error count is decreased by one, so
+ that a long connection with an occasional error will not
+ exceed the limit set by `errors'. The default is 10.
+
+ `remote-window'
+ If this is between 1 and 7 inclusive, the window size
+ requested by the remote system is ignored and this is used
+ instead. This can be useful when dealing with some poor UUCP
+ packages. The default is 0, which means that the remote
+ system's request is honored.
+
+ `remote-packet-size'
+ If this is between 32 and 4096 inclusive the packet size
+ requested by the remote system is ignored and this is used
+ instead. There is probably no good reason to use this. The
+ default is 0, which means that the remote system's request is
+ honored.
+
+ `short-packets'
+ If this is true, then the code will optimize by sending
+ shorter packets when there is less data to send. This
+ confuses some UUCP packages, such as System V Release 4 (when
+ using the `G' protocol) and Waffle; when connecting to such a
+ package, this parameter must be set to false. The default is
+ true for the `g' and `v' protocols and false for the `G'
+ protocol.
+
+ The `a' protocol is a Zmodem like protocol contributed by Doug
+ Evans. It supports the following commands, all of which take
+ numeric arguments except for `escape-control', which takes a
+ boolean argument:
+
+ `timeout'
+ Number of seconds to wait for a packet to arrive. The
+ default is 10.
+
+ `retries'
+ The number of times to retry sending a packet. The default
+ is 10.
+
+ `startup-retries'
+ The number of times to retry sending the initialization
+ packet. The default is 4.
+
+ `garbage'
+ The number of garbage characters to accept before closing the
+ connection. The default is 2400.
+
+ `send-window'
+ The number of characters that may be sent before waiting for
+ an acknowledgement. The default is 1024.
+
+ `escape-control'
+ Whether to escape control characters. If this is true, the
+ protocol may be used over a connection which does not
+ transmit certain control characters, such as `XON' or `XOFF'.
+ The connection must still transmit eight bit characters other
+ than control characters. The default is false.
+
+ The `j' protocol can be used over an eight bit connection that will
+ not transmit certain control characters. It accepts the same
+ protocol parameters that the `i' protocol accepts, as well as one
+ more:
+
+ `avoid'
+ A list of characters to avoid. This is a string which is
+ interpreted as an escape sequence (*note Chat Scripts::).
+ The protocol does not have a way to avoid printable ASCII
+ characters (byte values from 32 to 126, inclusive); only
+ ASCII control characters and eight-bit characters may be
+ avoided. The default value is `\021\023'; these are the
+ characters `XON' and `XOFF', which many connections use for
+ flow control. If the package is configured to use
+ `HAVE_BSD_TTY', then on some versions of Unix you may have to
+ avoid `\377' as well, due to the way some implementations of
+ the BSD terminal driver handle signals.
+
+ The `f' protocol is intended for use with error-correcting modems
+ only; it checksums each file as a whole, so any error causes the
+ entire file to be retransmitted. It supports the following
+ commands, both of which take numeric arguments:
+
+ `timeout'
+ The timeout in seconds before giving up. The default is 120.
+
+ `retries'
+ How many times to retry sending a file. The default is 2.
+
+ The `t' and `e' protocols are intended for use over TCP or some
+ other communication path with end to end reliability, as they do no
+ checking of the data at all. They both support a single command,
+ which takes a numeric argument:
+
+ `timeout'
+ The timeout in seconds before giving up. The default is 120.
+
+ The `y' protocol is a streaming protocol contributed by Jorge Cwik.
+ It supports the following commands, both of which take numeric
+ arguments:
+
+ `timeout'
+ The timeout in seconds when waiting for a packet. The
+ default is 60.
+
+ `packet-size'
+ The packet size to use. The default is 1024.
+
+ The protocol parameters are reset to their default values after
+ each call.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: File Transfer Control, Next: Miscellaneous (sys), Prev: Protocol Selection, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.6 File Transfer Control
+---------------------------
+
+`send-request BOOLEAN'
+ The BOOLEAN determines whether the remote system is permitted to
+ request files from the local system. The default is yes.
+
+`receive-request BOOLEAN'
+ The BOOLEAN determines whether the remote system is permitted to
+ send files to the local system. The default is yes.
+
+`request BOOLEAN'
+ A shorthand command, equivalent to specifying both `send-request
+ BOOLEAN' and `receive-request BOOLEAN'.
+
+`call-transfer BOOLEAN'
+ The BOOLEAN is checked when the local system places the call. It
+ determines whether the local system may do file transfers queued
+ up for the remote system. The default is yes.
+
+`called-transfer BOOLEAN'
+ The BOOLEAN is checked when the remote system calls in. It
+ determines whether the local system may do file transfers queued
+ up for the remote system. The default is yes.
+
+`transfer BOOLEAN'
+ A shorthand command, equivalent to specifying both `call-transfer
+ BOOLEAN' and `called-transfer BOOLEAN'.
+
+`call-local-size NUMBER STRING'
+ The STRING is a time string (*note Time Strings::). The NUMBER is
+ the size in bytes of the largest file that should be transferred
+ at a time matching the time string, if the local system placed the
+ call and the request was made by the local system. This command
+ may appear multiple times in a single alternate. If this command
+ does not appear, or if none of the time strings match, there are
+ no size restrictions.
+
+ With all the size control commands, the size of a file from the
+ remote system (as opposed to a file from the local system) will
+ only be checked if the other system is running this package: other
+ UUCP packages will not understand a maximum size request, nor will
+ they provide the size of remote files.
+
+`call-remote-size NUMBER STRING'
+ Specify the size in bytes of the largest file that should be
+ transferred at a given time by remote request, when the local
+ system placed the call. This command may appear multiple times in
+ a single alternate. If this command does not appear, there are no
+ size restrictions.
+
+`called-local-size NUMBER STRING'
+ Specify the size in bytes of the largest file that should be
+ transferred at a given time by local request, when the remote
+ system placed the call. This command may appear multiple times in
+ a single alternate. If this command does not appear, there are no
+ size restrictions.
+
+`called-remote-size NUMBER STRING'
+ Specify the size in bytes of the largest file that should be
+ transferred at a given time by remote request, when the remote
+ system placed the call. This command may appear multiple times in
+ a single alternate. If this command does not appear, there are no
+ size restrictions.
+
+`local-send STRINGS'
+ Specifies that files in the directories named by the STRINGS may
+ be sent to the remote system when requested locally (using `uucp'
+ or `uux'). The directories in the list should be separated by
+ whitespace. A `~' may be used for the public directory. On a
+ Unix system, this is typically `/usr/spool/uucppublic'; the public
+ directory may be set with the `pubdir' command. Here is an
+ example of `local-send':
+
+ local-send ~ /usr/spool/ftp/pub
+
+ Listing a directory allows all files within the directory and all
+ subdirectories to be sent. Directories may be excluded by
+ preceding them with an exclamation point. For example:
+
+ local-send /usr/ftp !/usr/ftp/private ~
+
+ means that all files in `/usr/ftp' or the public directory may be
+ sent, except those files in `/usr/ftp/private'. The list of
+ directories is read from left to right, and the last directory to
+ apply takes effect; this means that directories should be listed
+ from top down. The default is the root directory (i.e., any file
+ at all may be sent by local request).
+
+`remote-send STRINGS'
+ Specifies that files in the named directories may be sent to the
+ remote system when requested by the remote system. The default is
+ `~'.
+
+`local-receive STRINGS'
+ Specifies that files may be received into the named directories
+ when requested by a local user. The default is `~'.
+
+`remote-receive STRINGS'
+ Specifies that files may be received into the named directories
+ when requested by the remote system. The default is `~'. On
+ Unix, the remote system may only request that files be received
+ into directories that are writeable by the world, regardless of
+ how this is set.
+
+`forward-to STRINGS'
+ Specifies a list of systems to which files may be forwarded. The
+ remote system may forward files through the local system on to any
+ of the systems in this list. The string `ANY' may be used to
+ permit forwarding to any system. The default is to not permit
+ forwarding to other systems. Note that if the remote system is
+ permitted to execute the `uucp' command, it effectively has the
+ ability to forward to any system.
+
+`forward-from STRINGS'
+ Specifies a list of systems from which files may be forwarded. The
+ remote system may request files via the local system from any of
+ the systems in this list. The string `ANY' may be used to permit
+ forwarding to any system. The default is to not permit forwarding
+ from other systems. Note that if a remote system is permitted to
+ execute the `uucp' command, it effectively has the ability to
+ request files from any system.
+
+`forward STRINGS'
+ Equivalent to specifying both `forward-to STRINGS' and
+ `forward-from STRINGS'. This would normally be used rather than
+ either of the more specific commands.
+
+`max-file-time NUMBER'
+ The maximum amount of time which will be sent sending any one file
+ if there are other files to send. This will only be effective
+ when using a protocol which permits interrupting one file send to
+ send another file. This is true of the `i' and `j' protocols.
+ The default is to have no maximum.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Miscellaneous (sys), Next: Default sys File Values, Prev: File Transfer Control, Up: sys File
+
+5.7.7 Miscellaneous sys File Commands
+-------------------------------------
+
+`sequence BOOLEAN'
+ If BOOLEAN is true, then conversation sequencing is automatically
+ used for the remote system, so that if somebody manages to spoof
+ as the remote system, it will be detected the next time the remote
+ system actually calls. This is false by default.
+
+`command-path STRINGS'
+ Specifies the path (a list of whitespace separated directories) to
+ be searched to locate commands to execute. This is only used for
+ commands requested by `uux', not for chat programs. The default
+ is from `policy.h'.
+
+`commands STRINGS'
+ The list of commands which the remote system is permitted to
+ execute locally. For example: `commands rnews rmail'. If the
+ value is `ALL' (case significant), all commands may be executed.
+ The default is `rnews rmail'.
+
+`free-space NUMBER'
+ Specify the minimum amount of file system space (in bytes) to
+ leave free after receiving a file. If the incoming file will not
+ fit, it will be rejected. This initial rejection will only work
+ when talking to another instance of this package, since older UUCP
+ packages do not provide the file size of incoming files. Also,
+ while a file is being received, `uucico' will periodically check
+ the amount of free space. If it drops below the amount given by
+ the `free-space' command, the file transfer will be aborted. The
+ default amount of space to leave free is from `policy.h'. This
+ file space checking may not work on all systems.
+
+`pubdir STRING'
+ Specifies the public directory that is used when `~' is specifed in
+ a file transfer or a list of directories. This essentially
+ overrides the public directory specified in the main configuration
+ file for this system only. The default is the public directory
+ specified in the main configuration file (which defaults to a
+ value from `policy.h').
+
+`debug STRING ...'
+ Set additional debugging for calls to or from the system. This
+ may be used to debug a connection with a specific system. It is
+ particularly useful when debugging incoming calls, since debugging
+ information will be generated whenever the call comes in. See the
+ `debug' command in the main configuration file (*note Debugging
+ Levels::) for more details. The debugging information specified
+ here is in addition to that specified in the main configuration
+ file or on the command line.
+
+`max-remote-debug STRING ...'
+ When the system calls in, it may request that the debugging level
+ be set to a certain value. The `max-remote-debug' command may be
+ used to put a limit on the debugging level which the system may
+ request, to avoid filling up the disk with debugging information.
+ Only the debugging types named in the `max-remote-debug' command
+ may be turned on by the remote system. To prohibit any debugging,
+ use `max-remote-debug none'.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Default sys File Values, Prev: Miscellaneous (sys), Up: sys File
+
+5.7.8 Default sys File Values
+-----------------------------
+
+The following are used as default values for all systems; they can be
+considered as appearing before the start of the file.
+
+ time Never
+ chat "" \r\c ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \L word: \P
+ chat-timeout 10
+ callback n
+ sequence n
+ request y
+ transfer y
+ local-send /
+ remote-send ~
+ local-receive ~
+ remove-receive ~
+ command-path [ from `policy.h' ]
+ commands rnews rmail
+ max-remote-debug abnormal,chat,handshake
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: port File, Next: dial File, Prev: sys File, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.8 The Port Configuration File
+===============================
+
+The port files may be used to name and describe ports. By default there
+is a single port file, named `port' in the directory NEWCONFIGDIR.
+This may be overridden by the `portfile' command in the main
+configuration file; see *note Configuration File Names::.
+
+ Any commands in a port file before the first `port' command specify
+defaults for all ports in the file; however, since the `type' command
+must appear before all other commands for a port, the defaults are only
+useful if all ports in the file are of the same type (this restriction
+may be lifted in a later version). All commands after a `port' command
+up to the next `port' command then describe that port. There are
+different types of ports; each type supports its own set of commands.
+Each command indicates which types of ports support it. There may be
+many ports with the same name; if a system requests a port by name then
+each port with that name will be tried until an unlocked one is found.
+
+`port STRING'
+ Introduces and names a port.
+
+`type STRING'
+ Define the type of port. The default is `modem'. If this command
+ appears, it must immediately follow the `port' command. The type
+ defines what commands are subsequently allowed. Currently the
+ types are:
+
+ `modem'
+ For a modem hookup.
+
+ `stdin'
+ For a connection through standard input and standard output,
+ as when `uucico' is run as a login shell.
+
+ `direct'
+ For a direct connection to another system.
+
+ `tcp'
+ For a connection using TCP.
+
+ `tli'
+ For a connection using TLI.
+
+ `pipe'
+ For a connection through a pipe running another program.
+
+`protocol STRING'
+ Specify a list of protocols to use for this port. This is just
+ like the corresponding command for a system (*note Protocol
+ Selection::). A protocol list for a system takes precedence over
+ a list for a port.
+
+`protocol-parameter CHARACTER STRINGS [ any type ]'
+ The same command as the `protocol-parameter' command used for
+ systems (*note Protocol Selection::). This one takes precedence.
+
+`seven-bit BOOLEAN [ any type ]'
+ This is only used during protocol negotiation; if the argument is
+ true, it forces the selection of a protocol which works across a
+ seven-bit link. It does not prevent eight bit characters from
+ being transmitted. The default is false.
+
+`reliable BOOLEAN [ any type ]'
+ This is only used during protocol negotiation; if the argument is
+ false, it forces the selection of a protocol which works across an
+ unreliable communication link. The default is true. It would be
+ more common to specify this for a dialer rather than a port.
+
+`half-duplex BOOLEAN [ any type ]'
+ If the argument is true, it means that the port only supports
+ half-duplex connections. This only affects bidirectional
+ protocols, and causes them to not do bidirectional transfers.
+
+`device STRING [ modem, direct and tli only ]'
+ Names the device associated with this port. If the device is not
+ named, the port name is taken as the device. Device names are
+ system dependent. On Unix, a modem or direct connection might be
+ something like `/dev/ttyd0'; a TLI port might be `/dev/inet/tcp'.
+
+`speed NUMBER [modem and direct only ]'
+
+`baud NUMBER [ modem and direct only ]'
+ The speed this port runs at. If a system specifies a speed but no
+ port name, then all ports which match the speed will be tried in
+ order. If the speed is not specified here and is not specified by
+ the system, the natural speed of the port will be used by default.
+
+`speed-range NUMBER NUMBER [ modem only ]'
+
+`baud-range NUMBER NUMBER [ modem only ]'
+ Specify a range of speeds this port can run at. The first number
+ is the minimum speed, the second number is the maximum speed.
+ These numbers will be used when matching a system which specifies
+ a desired speed. The simple `speed' (or `baud') command is still
+ used to determine the speed to run at if the system does not
+ specify a speed. For example, the command `speed-range 300 19200'
+ means that the port will match any system which uses a speed from
+ 300 to 19200 baud (and will use the speed specified by the
+ system); this could be combined with `speed 2400', which means
+ that when this port is used with a system that does not specify a
+ speed, the port will be used at 2400 baud.
+
+`carrier BOOLEAN [ modem and direct only ]'
+ The argument indicates whether the port supports carrier.
+
+ If a modem port does not support carrier, the carrier detect
+ signal will never be required on this port, regardless of what the
+ modem chat script indicates. The default for a modem port is true.
+
+ If a direct port supports carrier, the port will be set to expect
+ carrier whenever it is used. The default for a direct port is
+ false.
+
+`hardflow BOOLEAN [ modem and direct only ]'
+ The argument indicates whether the port supports hardware flow
+ control. If it does not, hardware flow control will not be turned
+ on for this port. The default is true. Hardware flow control is
+ only supported on some systems.
+
+`dial-device STRING [ modem only ]'
+ Dialing instructions should be output to the named device, rather
+ than to the normal port device. The default is to output to the
+ normal port device.
+
+`dialer STRING [ modem only ]'
+ Name a dialer to use. The information is looked up in the dial
+ file. There is no default. Some sort of dialer information must
+ be specified to call out on a modem.
+
+`dialer STRING ... [ modem only ]'
+ If more than one string follows the `dialer' command, the strings
+ are treated as a command that might appear in the dial file (*note
+ dial File::). If a dialer is named (by using the first form of
+ this command, described just above), these commands are ignored.
+ They may be used to specify dialer information directly in simple
+ situations without needing to go to a separate file. There is no
+ default. Some sort of dialer information must be specified to
+ call out on a modem.
+
+`dialer-sequence STRINGS [ modem or tcp or tli only ]'
+ Name a sequence of dialers and tokens (phone numbers) to use. The
+ first argument names a dialer, and the second argument names a
+ token. The third argument names another dialer, and so on. If
+ there are an odd number of arguments, the phone number specified
+ with a `phone' command in the system file is used as the final
+ token. The token is what is used for `\D' or `\T' in the dialer
+ chat script. If the token in this string is `\D', the system
+ phone number will be used; if it is `\T', the system phone number
+ will be used after undergoing dialcodes translation. A missing
+ final token is taken as `\D'.
+
+ This command currently does not work if `dial-device' is specified;
+ to handle this correctly will require a more systematic notion of
+ chat scripts. Moreover, the `complete' and `abort' chat scripts,
+ the protocol parameters, and the `carrier' and `dtr-toggle'
+ commands are ignored for all but the first dialer.
+
+ This command basically lets you specify a sequence of chat scripts
+ to use. For example, the first dialer might get you to a local
+ network and the second dialer might describe how to select a
+ machine from the local network. This lets you break your dialing
+ sequence into simple modules, and may make it easier to share
+ dialer entries between machines.
+
+ This command is to only way to use a chat script with a TCP port.
+ This can be useful when using a modem which is accessed via TCP.
+
+ When this command is used with a TLI port, then if the first
+ dialer is `TLI' or `TLIS' the first token is used as the address to
+ connect to. If the first dialer is something else, or if there is
+ no token, the address given by the `address' command is used
+ (*note Placing the Call::). Escape sequences in the address are
+ expanded as they are for chat script expect strings (*note Chat
+ Scripts::). The different between `TLI' and `TLIS' is that the
+ latter implies the command `stream true'. These contortions are
+ all for HDB compatibility. Any subsequent dialers are treated as
+ they are for a TCP port.
+
+`lockname STRING [ modem and direct only ]'
+ Give the name to use when locking this port. On Unix, this is the
+ name of the file that will be created in the lock directory. It
+ is used as is, so on Unix it should generally start with `LCK..'.
+ For example, if a single port were named both `/dev/ttycu0' and
+ `/dev/tty0' (perhaps with different characteristics keyed on the
+ minor device number), then the command `lockname LCK..ttycu0' could
+ be used to force the latter to use the same lock file name as the
+ former.
+
+`service STRING [ tcp only ]'
+ Name the TCP port number to use. This may be a number. If not,
+ it will be looked up in `/etc/services'. If this is not
+ specified, the string `uucp' is looked up in `/etc/services'. If
+ it is not found, port number 540 (the standard UUCP-over-TCP port
+ number) will be used.
+
+`version STRING [ tcp only ]'
+ Specify the IP version number to use. The default is `0', which
+ permits any version. The other possible choices are `4', which
+ requires `IPv4', or `6', which requires `IPv6'. Normally it is
+ not necessary to use this command, but in some cases, as `IPv6' is
+ rolled out across the Internet, it may be necessary to require
+ UUCP to use a particular type of connection.
+
+`push STRINGS [ tli only ]'
+ Give a list of modules to push on to the TLI stream.
+
+`stream BOOLEAN [ tli only ]'
+ If this is true, and the `push' command was not used, the `tirdwr'
+ module is pushed on to the TLI stream.
+
+`server-address STRING [ tli only ]'
+ Give the address to use when running as a TLI server. Escape
+ sequences in the address are expanded as they are for chat script
+ expect strings (*note Chat Scripts::).
+
+ The string is passed directly to the TLI `t_bind' function. The
+ value needed may depend upon your particular TLI implementation.
+ Check the manual pages, and, if necessary, try writing some sample
+ programs.
+
+ For AT&T 3B2 System V Release 3 using the Wollongong TCP/IP stack,
+ which is probably typical, the format of TLI string is `SSPPIIII',
+ where `SS' is the service number (for TCP, this is 2), `PP' is the
+ TCP port number, and `IIII' is the Internet address. For example,
+ to accept a connection from on port 540 from any interface, use
+ `server-address \x00\x02\x02\x1c\x00\x00\x00\x00'. To only accept
+ connections from a particular interface, replace the last four
+ digits with the network address of the interface. (Thanks to Paul
+ Pryor for the information in this paragraph).
+
+`command STRINGS [ pipe only ]'
+ Give the command, with arguments, to run when using a pipe port
+ type. When a port of this type is used, the command is executed
+ and `uucico' communicates with it over a pipe. This permits
+ `uucico' or `cu' to communicate with another system which can only
+ be reached through some unusual means. A sample use might be
+ `command /bin/rlogin -E -8 -l LOGIN SYSTEM'. The command is run
+ with the full privileges of UUCP; it is responsible for
+ maintaining security.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: dial File, Next: UUCP Over TCP, Prev: port File, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.9 The Dialer Configuration File
+=================================
+
+The dialer configuration files define dialers. By default there is a
+single dialer file, named `dial' in the directory NEWCONFIGDIR. This
+may be overridden by the `dialfile' command in the main configuration
+file; see *note Configuration File Names::.
+
+ Any commands in the file before the first `dialer' command specify
+defaults for all the dialers in the file. All commands after a
+`dialer' command up to the next `dialer' command are associated with
+the named dialer.
+
+`dialer STRING'
+ Introduces and names a dialer.
+
+`chat STRINGS'
+
+`chat-timeout NUMBER'
+
+`chat-fail STRING'
+
+`chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+
+`chat-program STRINGS'
+ Specify a chat script to be used to dial the phone. This chat
+ script is used before the login chat script in the `sys' file, if
+ any (*note Logging In::). For full details on chat scripts, see
+ *note Chat Scripts::.
+
+ The `uucico' daemon will sleep for one second between attempts to
+ dial out on a modem. If your modem requires a longer wait period,
+ you must start your chat script with delays (`\d' in a send
+ string).
+
+ The chat script will be read from and sent to the port specified
+ by the `dial-device' command for the port, if there is one.
+
+ The following escape addition escape sequences may appear in send
+ strings:
+
+ `\D'
+ send phone number without dialcode translation
+
+ `\T'
+ send phone number with dialcode translation
+
+ See the description of the dialcodes file (*note Configuration
+ File Names::) for a description of dialcode translation.
+
+ If both the port and the dialer support carrier, as set by the
+ `carrier' command in the port file and the `carrier' command in
+ the dialer file, then every chat script implicitly begins with
+ `\M' and ends with `\m'.
+
+ There is no default chat script for dialers.
+
+ The following additional escape sequences may be used in
+ `chat-program':
+
+ `\D'
+ phone number without dialcode translation
+
+ `\T'
+ phone number with dialcode translation
+
+ If the program changes the port in any way (e.g., sets parity) the
+ changes will be preserved during protocol negotiation, but once the
+ protocol is selected it will change the port settings.
+
+`dialtone STRING'
+ A string to output when dialing the phone number which causes the
+ modem to wait for a secondary dial tone. This is used to
+ translate the `=' character in a phone number. The default is a
+ comma.
+
+`pause STRING'
+ A string to output when dialing the phone number which causes the
+ modem to wait for 1 second. This is used to translate the `-'
+ character in a phone number. The default is a comma.
+
+`carrier BOOLEAN'
+ An argument of true means that the dialer supports the modem
+ carrier signal. After the phone number is dialed, `uucico' will
+ require that carrier be on. One some systems, it will be able to
+ wait for it. If the argument is false, carrier will not be
+ required. The default is true.
+
+`carrier-wait NUMBER'
+ If the port is supposed to wait for carrier, this may be used to
+ indicate how many seconds to wait. The default is 60 seconds.
+ Only some systems support waiting for carrier.
+
+`dtr-toggle BOOLEAN BOOLEAN'
+ If the first argument is true, then DTR is toggled before using
+ the modem. This is only supported on some systems and some ports.
+ The second BOOLEAN need not be present; if it is, and it is true,
+ the program will sleep for 1 second after toggling DTR. The
+ default is to not toggle DTR.
+
+`complete-chat STRINGS'
+
+`complete-chat-timeout NUMBER'
+
+`complete-chat-fail STRING'
+
+`complete-chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+
+`complete-chat-program STRINGS'
+ These commands define a chat script (*note Chat Scripts::) which
+ is run when a call is finished normally. This allows the modem to
+ be reset. There is no default. No additional escape sequences
+ may be used.
+
+`complete STRING'
+ This is a simple use of `complete-chat'. It is equivalent to
+ `complete-chat "" STRING'; this has the effect of sending STRING
+ to the modem when a call finishes normally.
+
+`abort-chat STRINGS'
+
+`abort-chat-timeout NUMBER'
+
+`abort-chat-fail STRING'
+
+`abort-chat-seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+
+`abort-chat-program STRINGS'
+ These commands define a chat script (*note Chat Scripts::) to be
+ run when a call is aborted. They may be used to interrupt and
+ reset the modem. There is no default. No additional escape
+ sequences may be used.
+
+`abort STRING'
+ This is a simple use of `abort-chat'. It is equivalent to
+ `abort-chat "" STRING'; this has the effect of sending STRING to
+ the modem when a call is aborted.
+
+`protocol-parameter CHARACTER STRINGS'
+ Set protocol parameters, just like the `protocol-parameter' command
+ in the system configuration file or the port configuration file;
+ see *note Protocol Selection::. These parameters take precedence,
+ then those for the port, then those for the system.
+
+`seven-bit BOOLEAN'
+ This is only used during protocol negotiation; if it is true, it
+ forces selection of a protocol which works across a seven-bit
+ link. It does not prevent eight bit characters from being
+ transmitted. The default is false. It would be more common to
+ specify this for a port than for a dialer.
+
+`reliable BOOLEAN'
+ This is only used during protocol negotiation; if it is false, it
+ forces selection of a protocol which works across an unreliable
+ communication link. The default is true.
+
+`half-duplex BOOLEAN [ any type ]'
+ If the argument is true, it means that the dialer only supports
+ half-duplex connections. This only affects bidirectional
+ protocols, and causes them to not do bidirectional transfers.
+
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Over TCP, Next: Security, Prev: dial File, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.10 UUCP Over TCP
+==================
+
+If your system has a Berkeley style socket library, or a System V style
+TLI interface library, you can compile the code to permit making
+connections over TCP. Specifying that a system should be reached via
+TCP is easy, but nonobvious.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* TCP Client:: Connecting to Another System Over TCP
+* TCP Server:: Running a TCP Server
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: TCP Client, Next: TCP Server, Prev: UUCP Over TCP, Up: UUCP Over TCP
+
+5.10.1 Connecting to Another System Over TCP
+--------------------------------------------
+
+If you are using the new style configuration files (*note Configuration
+Files::), add the line `port type tcp' to the entry in the `sys' file.
+By default UUCP will get the port number by looking up `uucp' in
+`/etc/services'; if the `uucp' service is not defined, port 540 will be
+used. You can set the port number to use with the command `port
+service XXX', where XXX can be either a number or a name to look up in
+`/etc/services'. You can specify the address of the remote host with
+`address A.B.C'; if you don't give an address, the remote system name
+will be used. You should give an explicit chat script for the system
+when you use TCP; the default chat script begins with a carriage
+return, which will not work with some UUCP TCP servers.
+
+ If you are using V2 configuration files, add a line like this to
+`L.sys':
+ SYS Any TCP uucp HOST.DOMAIN chat-script
+ This will make an entry for system SYS, to be called at any time,
+over TCP, using port number `uucp' (as found in `/etc/services'; this
+may be specified as a number), using remote host `HOST.DOMAIN', with
+some chat script.
+
+ If you are using HDB configuration files, add a line like this to
+Systems:
+ SYS Any TCP - HOST.DOMAIN chat-script
+ and a line like this to `Devices':
+ TCP uucp - -
+ You only need one line in `Devices' regardless of how many systems
+you contact over TCP. This will make an entry for system SYS, to be
+called at any time, over TCP, using port number `uucp' (as found in
+`/etc/services'; this may be specified as a number), using remote host
+`HOST.DOMAIN', with some chat script.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: TCP Server, Prev: TCP Client, Up: UUCP Over TCP
+
+5.10.2 Running a TCP Server
+---------------------------
+
+The `uucico' daemon may be run as a TCP server. To use the default
+port number, which is a reserved port, `uucico' must be invoked by the
+superuser (or it must be set user ID to the superuser, but I don't
+recommend doing that).
+
+ You must define a port, either using the port file (*note port
+File::), if you are using the new configuration method, or with an
+entry in `Devices' if you are using HDB; there is no way to define a
+port using V2. If you are using HDB the port must be named `TCP'; a
+line as shown above will suffice. You can then start `uucico' as
+`uucico -p TCP' (after the `-p', name the port; in HDB it must be
+`TCP'). This will wait for incoming connections, and fork off a child
+for each one. Each connection will be prompted with `login:' and
+`Password:'; the results will be checked against the UUCP (not the
+system) password file (*note Configuration File Names::).
+
+ Another way to run a UUCP TCP server is to use the BSD `uucpd'
+program.
+
+ Yet another way to run a UUCP TCP server is to use `inetd'. Arrange
+for `inetd' to start up `uucico' with the `-l' switch. This will cause
+`uucico' to prompt with `login:' and `Password:' and check the results
+against the UUCP (not the system) password file (you may want to also
+use the `-D' switch to avoid a fork, which in this case is unnecessary).
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Security, Prev: UUCP Over TCP, Up: Configuration Files
+
+5.11 Security
+=============
+
+This discussion of UUCP security applies only to Unix. It is a bit
+cursory; suggestions for improvement are solicited.
+
+ UUCP is traditionally not very secure. Taylor UUCP addresses some
+security issues, but is still far from being a secure system.
+
+ If security is very important to you, then you should not permit any
+external access to your computer, including UUCP. Any opening to the
+outside world is a potential security risk.
+
+ When local users use UUCP to transfer files, Taylor UUCP can do
+little to secure them from each other. You can allow somewhat increased
+security by putting the owner of the UUCP programs (normally `uucp')
+into a separate group; the use of this is explained in the following
+paragraphs, which refer to this separate group as `uucp-group'.
+
+ When the `uucp' program is invoked to copy a file to a remote
+system, it will, by default, copy the file into the UUCP spool
+directory. When the `uux' program is used, the `-C' switch must be
+used to copy the file into the UUCP spool directory. In any case, once
+the file has been copied into the spool directory, other local users
+will not be able to access it.
+
+ When a file is requested from a remote system, UUCP will only permit
+it to be placed in a directory which is writable by the requesting user.
+The directory must also be writable by UUCP. A local user can create a
+directory with a group of `uucp-group' and set the mode to permit group
+write access. This will allow the file be requested without permitting
+it to be viewed by any other user.
+
+ There is no provision for security for `uucp' requests (as opposed
+to `uux' requests) made by a user on a remote system. A file sent over
+by a remote request may only be placed in a directory which is world
+writable, and the file will be world readable and writable. This will
+permit any local user to destroy or replace the contents of the file.
+A file requested by a remote system must be world readable, and the
+directory it is in must be world readable. Any local user will be able
+to examine, although not necessarily modify, the file before it is sent.
+
+ There are some security holes and race conditions that apply to the
+above discussion which I will not elaborate on. They are not hidden
+from anybody who reads the source code, but they are somewhat technical
+and difficult (though scarcely impossible) to exploit. Suffice it to
+say that even under the best of conditions UUCP is not completely
+secure.
+
+ For many sites, security from remote sites is a more important
+consideration. Fortunately, Taylor UUCP does provide some support in
+this area.
+
+ The greatest security is provided by always dialing out to the other
+site. This prevents anybody from pretending to be the other site. Of
+course, only one side of the connection can do this.
+
+ If remote dialins must be permitted, then it is best if the dialin
+line is used only for UUCP. If this is the case, then you should
+create a call-in password file (*note Configuration File Names::) and
+let `uucico' do its own login prompting. For example, to let remote
+sites log in on a port named `entry' in the port file (*note port
+File::), you might invoke `uucico -e -p entry'. This would cause
+`uucico' to enter an endless loop of login prompts and daemon
+executions. The advantage of this approach is that even if remote users
+break into the system by guessing or learning the password, they will
+only be able to do whatever `uucico' permits them to do. They will not
+be able to start a shell on your system.
+
+ If remote users can dial in and log on to your system, then you have
+a security hazard more serious than that posed by UUCP. But then, you
+probably knew that already.
+
+ Once your system has connected with the remote UUCP, there is a fair
+amount of control you can exercise. You can use the `remote-send' and
+`remote-receive' commands to control the directories the remote UUCP
+can access. You can use the `request' command to prevent the remote
+UUCP from making any requests of your system at all; however, if you do
+this it will not even be able to send you mail or news. If you do
+permit remote requests, you should be careful to restrict what commands
+may be executed at the remote system's request. The default is `rmail'
+and `rnews', which will suffice for most systems.
+
+ If different remote systems call in and they must be granted
+different privileges (perhaps some systems are within the same
+organization and some are not) then the `called-login' command should
+be used for each system to require that they use different login names.
+Otherwise, it would be simple for a remote system to use the `myname'
+command and pretend to be a different system. The `sequence' command
+can be used to detect when one system pretended to be another, but,
+since the sequence numbers must be reset manually after a failed
+handshake, this can sometimes be more trouble than it's worth.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Protocols, Next: Hacking, Prev: Configuration Files, Up: Top
+
+6 UUCP Protocol Internals
+*************************
+
+This chapter describes how the various UUCP protocols work, and
+discusses some other internal UUCP issues.
+
+ This chapter is quite technical. You do not need to understand it,
+or even read it, in order to use Taylor UUCP. It is intended for people
+who are interested in how the UUCP code works.
+
+ The information in this chapter is posted monthly to the Usenet
+newsgroups `comp.mail.uucp', `news.answers', and `comp.answers'. The
+posting is available from any `news.answers' archive site, such as
+`rtfm.mit.edu'. If you plan to use this information to write a UUCP
+program, please make sure you get the most recent version of the
+posting, in case there have been any corrections.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* UUCP Protocol Sources:: Sources for UUCP Protocol Information
+* UUCP Grades:: UUCP Grades
+* UUCP Lock Files:: UUCP Lock Files
+* Execution File Format:: Execution File Format
+* UUCP Protocol:: UUCP Protocol
+* g Protocol:: g protocol
+* f Protocol:: f protocol
+* t Protocol:: t protocol
+* e Protocol:: e protocol
+* Big G Protocol:: G protocol
+* i Protocol:: i protocol
+* j Protocol:: j protocol
+* x Protocol:: x protocol
+* y Protocol:: y protocol
+* d Protocol:: d protocol
+* h Protocol:: h protocol
+* v Protocol:: v protocol
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Protocol Sources, Next: UUCP Grades, Prev: Protocols, Up: Protocols
+
+6.1 UUCP Protocol Sources
+=========================
+
+ "Unix-to-Unix Copy Program," said PDP-1. "You will never find a
+ more wretched hive of bugs and flamers. We must be cautious."
+ --DECWars
+
+I took a lot of the information from Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper in the
+Fall 1990 DECUS Symposium, and from `Managing UUCP and Usenet' by Tim
+O'Reilly and Grace Todino (with contributions by several other people).
+The latter includes most of the former, and is published by
+ O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
+ 103 Morris Street, Suite A
+ Sebastopol, CA 95472
+ It is currently in its tenth edition. The ISBN number is
+`0-937175-93-5'.
+
+ Some information is originally due to a Usenet article by Chuck
+Wegrzyn. The information on execution files comes partially from Peter
+Honeyman. The information on the `g' protocol comes partially from a
+paper by G.L. Chesson of Bell Laboratories, partially from Jamie E.
+Hanrahan's paper, and partially from source code by John Gilmore. The
+information on the `f' protocol comes from the source code by Piet
+Berteema. The information on the `t' protocol comes from the source
+code by Rick Adams. The information on the `e' protocol comes from a
+Usenet article by Matthias Urlichs. The information on the `d'
+protocol comes from Jonathan Clark, who also supplied information about
+QFT. The UUPlus information comes straight from Christopher J. Ambler,
+of UUPlus Development; it applies to version 1.52 and up of the
+shareware version of UUPlus Utilities, called FSUUCP 1.52, but referred
+to in this article as UUPlus.
+
+ Although there are few books about UUCP, there are many about
+networks and protocols in general. I recommend two non-technical books
+which describe the sorts of things that are available on the network:
+`The Whole Internet', by Ed Krol, and `Zen and the Art of the
+Internet', by Brendan P. Kehoe. Good technical discussions of
+networking issues can be found in `Internetworking with TCP/IP', by
+Douglas E. Comer and David L. Stevens and in `Design and Validation of
+Computer Protocols' by Gerard J. Holzmann.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Grades, Next: UUCP Lock Files, Prev: UUCP Protocol Sources, Up: Protocols
+
+6.2 UUCP Grades
+===============
+
+Modern UUCP packages support a priority grade for each command. The
+grades generally range from `A' (the highest) to `Z' followed by `a' to
+`z'. Some UUCP packages (including Taylor UUCP) also support `0' to
+`9' before `A'. Some UUCP packages may permit any ASCII character as a
+grade.
+
+ On Unix, these grades are encoded in the name of the command file
+created by `uucp' or `uux'. A command file name generally has the form
+`C.nnnngssss' where `nnnn' is the remote system name for which the
+command is queued, `g' is a single character grade, and `ssss' is a
+four character sequence number. For example, a command file created
+for the system `airs' at grade `Z' might be named `C.airsZ2551'.
+
+ The remote system name will be truncated to seven characters, to
+ensure that the command file name will fit in the 14 character file
+name limit of the traditional Unix file system. UUCP packages which
+have no other means of distinguishing which command files are intended
+for which systems thus require all systems they connect to to have
+names that are unique in the first seven characters. Some UUCP
+packages use a variant of this format which truncates the system name
+to six characters. HDB and Taylor UUCP use a different spool directory
+format, which allows up to fourteen characters to be used for each
+system name.
+
+ The sequence number in the command file name may be a decimal
+integer, or it may be a hexadecimal integer, or it may contain any
+alphanumeric character. Different UUCP packages are different. Taylor
+UUCP uses any alphanumeric character.
+
+ UUPlus Utilities (as FSUUCP, a shareware DOS based UUCP and news
+package) uses up to 8 characters for file names in the spool (this is a
+DOS file system limitation; actually, with the extension, 11 characters
+are available, but FSUUCP reserves that for future use). FSUUCP
+defaults mail to grade `D', and news to grade `N', except that when the
+grade of incoming mail can be determined, that grade is preserved if
+the mail is forwarded to another system. The default grades may be
+changed by editing the `LIB/MAILRC' file for mail, or the `UUPLUS.CFG'
+file for news.
+
+ UUPC/extended for DOS, OS/2 and Windows NT handles mail at grade
+`C', news at grade `d', and file transfers at grade `n'. The
+UUPC/extended `UUCP' and `RMAIL' commands accept grades to override the
+default, the others do not.
+
+ I do not know how command grades are handled in other non-Unix UUCP
+packages.
+
+ Modern UUCP packages allow you to restrict file transfer by grade
+depending on the time of day. Typically this is done with a line in
+the `Systems' (or `L.sys') file like this:
+ airs Any/Z,Any2305-0855 ...
+ This allows grades `Z' and above to be transferred at any time.
+Lower grades may only be transferred at night. I believe that this
+grade restriction applies to local commands as well as to remote
+commands, but I am not sure. It may only apply if the UUCP package
+places the call, not if it is called by the remote system.
+
+ Taylor UUCP can use the `timegrade' and `call-timegrade' commands to
+achieve the same effect. *Note When to Call::. It supports the above
+format when reading `Systems' or `L.sys'.
+
+ UUPC/extended provides the `symmetricgrades' option to announce the
+current grade in effect when calling the remote system.
+
+ UUPlus allows specification of the highest grade accepted on a
+per-call basis with the `-g' option in `UUCICO'.
+
+ This sort of grade restriction is most useful if you know what grades
+are being used at the remote site. The default grades used depend on
+the UUCP package. Generally `uucp' and `uux' have different defaults.
+A particular grade can be specified with the `-g' option to `uucp' or
+`uux'. For example, to request execution of `rnews' on `airs' with
+grade `d', you might use something like
+ uux -gd - airs!rnews < article
+
+ Uunet queues up mail at grade `C', but increases the grade based on
+the size. News is queued at grade `d', and file transfers at grade
+`n'. The example above would allow mail (below some large size) to be
+received at any time, but would only permit news to be transferred at
+night.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Lock Files, Next: Execution File Format, Prev: UUCP Grades, Up: Protocols
+
+6.3 UUCP Lock Files
+===================
+
+This discussion applies only to Unix. I have no idea how UUCP locks
+ports on other systems.
+
+ UUCP creates files to lock serial ports and systems. On most, if not
+all, systems, these same lock files are also used by `cu' to coordinate
+access to serial ports. On some systems `getty' also uses these lock
+files, often under the name `uugetty'.
+
+ The lock file normally contains the process ID of the locking
+process. This makes it easy to determine whether a lock is still
+valid. The algorithm is to create a temporary file and then link it to
+the name that must be locked. If the link fails because a file with
+that name already exists, the existing file is read to get the process
+ID. If the process still exists, the lock attempt fails. Otherwise
+the lock file is deleted and the locking algorithm is retried.
+
+ Older UUCP packages put the lock files in the main UUCP spool
+directory, `/usr/spool/uucp'. HDB UUCP generally puts the lock files
+in a directory of their own, usually `/usr/spool/locks' or `/etc/locks'.
+
+ The original UUCP lock file format encodes the process ID as a four
+byte binary number. The order of the bytes is host-dependent. HDB UUCP
+stores the process ID as a ten byte ASCII decimal number, with a
+trailing newline. For example, if process 1570 holds a lock file, it
+would contain the eleven characters space, space, space, space, space,
+space, one, five, seven, zero, newline. Some versions of UUCP add a
+second line indicating which program created the lock (`uucp', `cu', or
+`getty/uugetty'). I have also seen a third type of UUCP lock file
+which does not contain the process ID at all.
+
+ The name of the lock file is traditionally `LCK..' followed by the
+base name of the device. For example, to lock `/dev/ttyd0' the file
+`LCK..ttyd0' would be created. On SCO Unix, the last letter of the
+lock file name is always forced to lower case even if the device name
+ends with an upper case letter.
+
+ System V Release 4 UUCP names the lock file using the major and minor
+device numbers rather than the device name. The file is named
+`LK.XXX.YYY.ZZZ', where XXX, YYY and ZZZ are all three digit decimal
+numbers. XXX is the major device number of the device holding the
+directory holding the device file (e.g., `/dev'). YYY is the major
+device number of the device file itself. ZZZ is the minor device
+number of the device file itself. If `s' holds the result of passing
+the device to the stat system call (e.g., `stat ("/dev/ttyd0", &s)'),
+the following line of C code will print out the corresponding lock file
+name:
+ printf ("LK.%03d.%03d.%03d", major (s.st_dev),
+ major (s.st_rdev), minor (s.st_rdev));
+ The advantage of this system is that even if there are several links
+to the same device, they will all use the same lock file name.
+
+ When two or more instances of `uuxqt' are executing, some sort of
+locking is needed to ensure that a single execution job is only started
+once. I don't know how most UUCP packages deal with this. Taylor UUCP
+uses a lock file for each execution job. The name of the lock file is
+the same as the name of the `X.*' file, except that the initial `X' is
+changed to an `L'. The lock file holds the process ID as described
+above.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Execution File Format, Next: UUCP Protocol, Prev: UUCP Lock Files, Up: Protocols
+
+6.4 Execution File Format
+=========================
+
+UUCP `X.*' files control program execution. They are created by `uux'.
+They are transferred between systems just like any other file. The
+`uuxqt' daemon reads them to figure out how to execute the job
+requested by `uux'.
+
+ An `X.*' file is simply a text file. The first character of each
+line is a command, and the remainder of the line supplies arguments.
+The following commands are defined:
+
+`C command'
+ This gives the command to execute, including the program and all
+ arguments. For example, `rmail ian@airs.com'.
+
+`U user system'
+ This names the user who requested the command, and the system from
+ which the request came.
+
+`I standard-input'
+ This names the file from which standard input is taken. If no
+ standard input file is given, the standard input will probably be
+ attached to `/dev/null'. If the standard input file is not from
+ the system on which the execution is to occur, it will also appear
+ in an `F' command.
+
+`O standard-output [system]'
+ This names the standard output file. The optional second argument
+ names the system to which the file should be sent. If there is no
+ second argument, the file should be created on the executing
+ system.
+
+`F required-file [filename-to-use]'
+ The `F' command can appear multiple times. Each `F' command names
+ a file which must exist before the execution can proceed. This
+ will usually be a file which is transferred from the system on
+ which `uux' was executed, but it can also be a file from the local
+ system or some other system. If the file is not from the local
+ system, then the command will usually name a file in the spool
+ directory. If the optional second argument appears, then the file
+ should be copied to the execution directory under that name. This
+ is necessary for any file other than the standard input file. If
+ the standard input file is not from the local system, it will
+ appear in both an `F' command and an `I' command.
+
+`R requestor-address'
+ This is the address to which mail about the job should be sent.
+ It is relative to the system named in the `U' command. If the `R'
+ command does not appear, then mail is sent to the user named in the
+ `U' command.
+
+`Z'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message
+ should be sent if the command failed. This is the default
+ behaviour for most modern UUCP packages, and for them the `Z'
+ command does not actually do anything.
+
+`N'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that no mail message
+ should be sent, even if the command failed.
+
+`n'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message
+ should be sent if the command succeeded. Normally a message is
+ sent only if the command failed.
+
+`B'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that the standard input
+ should be returned with any error message. This can be useful in
+ cases where the input would otherwise be lost.
+
+`e'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that the command should
+ be processed with `/bin/sh'. For some packages this is the default
+ anyhow. Most packages will refuse to execute complex commands or
+ commands containing wildcards, because of the security holes this
+ opens.
+
+`E'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that the command should
+ be processed with the `execve' system call. For some packages
+ this is the default anyhow.
+
+`M status-file'
+ This command means that instead of mailing a message, the message
+ should be copied to the named file on the system named by the `U'
+ command.
+
+`Q'
+ This command takes no arguments. It means that the string
+ arguments to all the other commands are backslash quoted. Any
+ backslash in one of the strings should be followed by either a
+ backslash or three octal digits. The backslash quoting is
+ interpreted as in a C string. If the `Q' command does not appear,
+ backslashes in the strings are not treated specially. The `Q'
+ command was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07.
+
+`# comment'
+ This command is ignored, as is any other unrecognized command.
+
+ Here is an example. Given the following command executed on system
+test1
+ uux - test2!cat - test2!~ian/bar !qux '>~/gorp'
+ (this is only an example, as most UUCP systems will not permit the
+cat command to be executed) Taylor UUCP will produce something like the
+following `X.' file:
+ U ian test1
+ F D.test1N003r qux
+ O /usr/spool/uucppublic/gorp test1
+ F D.test1N003s
+ I D.test1N003s
+ C cat - ~ian/bar qux
+ The standard input will be read into a file and then transferred to
+the file `D.test1N003s' on system `test2'. The file `qux' will be
+transferred to `D.test1N003r' on system `test2'. When the command is
+executed, the latter file will be copied to the execution directory
+under the name `qux'. Note that since the file `~ian/bar' is already
+on the execution system, no action need be taken for it. The standard
+output will be collected in a file, then copied to the file
+`/usr/spool/uucppublic/gorp' on the system `test1'.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Protocol, Next: g Protocol, Prev: Execution File Format, Up: Protocols
+
+6.5 UUCP Protocol
+=================
+
+The UUCP protocol is a conversation between two UUCP packages. A UUCP
+conversation consists of three parts: an initial handshake, a series of
+file transfer requests, and a final handshake.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* The Initial Handshake:: The Initial Handshake
+* UUCP Protocol Commands:: UUCP Protocol Commands
+* The Final Handshake:: The Final Handshake
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The Initial Handshake, Next: UUCP Protocol Commands, Prev: UUCP Protocol, Up: UUCP Protocol
+
+6.5.1 The Initial Handshake
+---------------------------
+
+Before the initial handshake, the caller will usually have logged in the
+called machine and somehow started the UUCP package there. On Unix this
+is normally done by setting the shell of the login name used to
+`/usr/lib/uucp/uucico'.
+
+ All messages in the initial handshake begin with a `^P' (a byte with
+the octal value `\020') and end with a null byte (`\000'). A few
+systems end these messages with a line feed character (`\012') instead
+of a null byte; the examples below assume a null byte is being used.
+
+ Some options below are supported by QFT, which stands for Queued File
+Transfer, and is (or was) an internal Bell Labs version of UUCP.
+
+ Taylor UUCP size negotiation was introduced by Taylor UUCP, and is
+also supported by DOS based UUPlus and Amiga based wUUCP and UUCP-1.17.
+
+ The initial handshake goes as follows. It is begun by the called
+machine.
+
+called: `\020Shere=hostname\000'
+ The hostname is the UUCP name of the called machine. Older UUCP
+ packages do not output it, and simply send `\020Shere\000'.
+
+caller: `\020Shostname options\000'
+ The hostname is the UUCP name of the calling machine. The
+ following options may appear (or there may be none):
+
+ `-QSEQ'
+ Report sequence number for this conversation. The sequence
+ number is stored at both sites, and incremented after each
+ call. If there is a sequence number mismatch, something has
+ gone wrong (somebody may have broken security by pretending
+ to be one of the machines) and the call is denied. If the
+ sequence number changes on one of the machines, perhaps
+ because of an attempted breakin or because a disk backup was
+ restored, the sequence numbers on the two machines must be
+ reconciled manually.
+
+ `-xLEVEL'
+ Requests the called system to set its debugging level to the
+ specified value. This is not supported by all systems.
+
+ `-pGRADE'
+ `-vgrade=GRADE'
+ Requests the called system to only transfer files of the
+ specified grade or higher. This is not supported by all
+ systems. Some systems support `-p', some support `-vgrade='.
+ UUPlus allows either `-p' or `-v' to be specified on a
+ per-system basis in the `SYSTEMS' file (`gradechar' option).
+
+ `-R'
+ Indicates that the calling UUCP understands how to restart
+ failed file transmissions. Supported only by System V
+ Release 4 UUCP, QFT, and Taylor UUCP.
+
+ `-ULIMIT'
+ Reports the ulimit value of the calling UUCP. The limit is
+ specified as a base 16 number in C notation (e.g.,
+ `-U0x1000000'). This number is the number of 512 byte blocks
+ in the largest file which the calling UUCP can create. The
+ called UUCP may not transfer a file larger than this.
+ Supported only by System V Release 4 UUCP, QFT and UUPlus.
+ UUPlus reports the lesser of the available disk space on the
+ spool directory drive and the ulimit variable in
+ `UUPLUS.CFG'. Taylor UUCP understands this option, but does
+ not generate it.
+
+ `-N[NUMBER]'
+ Indicates that the calling UUCP understands the Taylor UUCP
+ size negotiation extension. Not supported by traditional
+ UUCP packages. Supported by UUPlus. The optional number is
+ a bitmask of features supported by the calling UUCP, and is
+ described below.
+
+called: `\020ROK\000'
+ There are actually several possible responses.
+ `ROK'
+ The calling UUCP is acceptable, and the handshake proceeds to
+ the protocol negotiation. Some options may also appear; see
+ below.
+
+ `ROKN[NUMBER]'
+ The calling UUCP is acceptable, it specified `-N', and the
+ called UUCP also understands the Taylor UUCP size limiting
+ extensions. The optional number is a bitmask of features
+ supported by the called UUCP, and is described below.
+
+ `RLCK'
+ The called UUCP already has a lock for the calling UUCP,
+ which normally indicates the two machines are already
+ communicating.
+
+ `RCB'
+ The called UUCP will call back. This may be used to avoid
+ impostors (but only one machine out of each pair should call
+ back, or no conversation will ever begin).
+
+ `RBADSEQ'
+ The call sequence number is wrong (see the `-Q' discussion
+ above).
+
+ `RLOGIN'
+ The calling UUCP is using the wrong login name.
+
+ `RYou are unknown to me'
+ The calling UUCP is not known to the called UUCP, and the
+ called UUCP does not permit connections from unknown systems.
+ Some versions of UUCP just drop the line rather than sending
+ this message.
+
+ If the response is `ROK', the following options are supported by
+ System V Release 4 UUCP and QFT.
+ `-R'
+ The called UUCP knows how to restart failed file
+ transmissions.
+
+ `-ULIMIT'
+ Reports the ulimit value of the called UUCP. The limit is
+ specified as a base 16 number in C notation. This number is
+ the number of 512 byte blocks in the largest file which the
+ called UUCP can create. The calling UUCP may not send a file
+ larger than this. Also supported by UUPlus. Taylor UUCP
+ understands this option, but does not generate it.
+
+ `-xLEVEL'
+ I'm not sure just what this means. It may request the
+ calling UUCP to set its debugging level to the specified
+ value.
+
+ If the response is not `ROK' (or `ROKN') both sides hang up the
+ phone, abandoning the call.
+
+called: `\020Pprotocols\000'
+ Note that the called UUCP outputs two strings in a row. The
+ protocols string is a list of UUCP protocols supported by the
+ caller. Each UUCP protocol has a single character name. These
+ protocols are discussed in more detail later in this document.
+ For example, the called UUCP might send `\020Pgf\000'.
+
+caller: `\020Uprotocol\000'
+ The calling UUCP selects which protocol to use out of the protocols
+ offered by the called UUCP. If there are no mutually supported
+ protocols, the calling UUCP sends `\020UN\000' and both sides hang
+ up the phone. Otherwise the calling UUCP sends something like
+ `\020Ug\000'.
+
+ Most UUCP packages will consider each locally supported protocol in
+turn and select the first one supported by the called UUCP. With some
+versions of HDB UUCP, this can be modified by giving a list of protocols
+after the device name in the `Devices' file or the `Systems' file. For
+example, to select the `e' protocol in `Systems',
+ airs Any ACU,e ...
+ or in Devices,
+ ACU,e ttyXX ...
+ Taylor UUCP provides the `protocol' command which may be used either
+for a system (*note Protocol Selection::) or a port (*note port File::).
+UUPlus allows specification of the protocol string on a per-system basis
+in the `SYSTEMS' file.
+
+ The optional number following a `-N' sent by the calling system, or
+an `ROKN' sent by the called system, is a bitmask of features supported
+by the UUCP package. The optional number was introduced in Taylor UUCP
+version 1.04. The number is sent as an octal number with a leading
+zero. The following bits are currently defined. A missing number
+should be taken as `011'.
+
+`01'
+ UUCP supports size negotiation.
+
+`02'
+ UUCP supports file restart.
+
+`04'
+ UUCP supports the `E' command.
+
+`010'
+ UUCP requires the file size in the `S' and `R' commands to be in
+ base 10. This bit is used by default if no number appears, but
+ should not be explicitly sent.
+
+`020'
+ UUCP expects a dummy string between the notify field and the size
+ field in an `S' command. This is true of SVR4 UUCP. This bit
+ should not be used.
+
+`040'
+ UUCP supports the `q' option in the `S', `R', `X', and `E'
+ commands.
+
+ After the protocol has been selected and the initial handshake has
+been completed, both sides turn on the selected protocol. For some
+protocols (notably `g') a further handshake is done at this point.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: UUCP Protocol Commands, Next: The Final Handshake, Prev: The Initial Handshake, Up: UUCP Protocol
+
+6.5.2 UUCP Protocol Commands
+----------------------------
+
+Each protocol supports a method for sending a command to the remote
+system. This method is used to transmit a series of commands between
+the two UUCP packages. At all times, one package is the master and the
+other is the slave. Initially, the calling UUCP is the master.
+
+ If a protocol error occurs during the exchange of commands, both
+sides move immediately to the final handshake.
+
+ The master will send one of five commands: `S', `R', `X', `E', or
+`H'.
+
+ Any file name referred to below is either an absolute file name
+beginning with `/', a public directory file name beginning with `~/', a
+file name relative to a user's home directory beginning with `~USER/',
+or a spool directory file name. File names in the spool directory are
+not absolute, but instead are converted to file names within the spool
+directory by UUCP. They always begin with `C.' (for a command file
+created by `uucp' or `uux'), `D.' (for a data file created by `uucp',
+`uux' or by an execution, or received from another system for an
+execution), or `X.' (for an execution file created by `uux' or received
+from another system).
+
+ All the commands other than the `H' command support options. The
+`q' option indicates that the command argument strings are backslash
+quoted. If the `q' option appears, then any backslash in one of the
+arguments should be followed by either a backslash or three octal
+digits. The backslash quoting is interpreted as in a C string. If the
+`q' option does not appear, backslashes in the strings are not treated
+specially. The `q' option was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* The S Command:: The S Command
+* The R Command:: The R Command
+* The X Command:: The X Command
+* The E Command:: The E Command
+* The H Command:: The H Command
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The S Command, Next: The R Command, Prev: UUCP Protocol Commands, Up: UUCP Protocol Commands
+
+6.5.2.1 The S Command
+.....................
+
+master: `S FROM TO USER -OPTIONS TEMP MODE NOTIFY SIZE'
+ The `S' and the `-' are literal characters. This is a request by
+ the master to send a file to the slave.
+
+ FROM
+ The name of the file to send. If the `C' option does not
+ appear in OPTIONS, the master will actually open and send
+ this file. Otherwise the file has been copied to the spool
+ directory, where it is named TEMP. The slave ignores this
+ field unless TO is a directory, in which case the basename of
+ FROM will be used as the file name. If FROM is a spool
+ directory filename, it must be a data file created for or by
+ an execution, and must begin with `D.'.
+
+ TO
+ The name to give the file on the slave. If this field names
+ a directory the file is placed within that directory with the
+ basename of FROM. A name ending in `/' is taken to be a
+ directory even if one does not already exist with that name.
+ If TO begins with `X.', an execution file will be created on
+ the slave. Otherwise, if TO begins with `D.' it names a data
+ file to be used by some execution file. Otherwise, TO should
+ not be in the spool directory.
+
+ USER
+ The name of the user who requested the transfer.
+
+ OPTIONS
+ A list of options to control the transfer. The following
+ options are defined (all options are single characters):
+ `C'
+ The file has been copied to the spool directory (the
+ master should use TEMP rather than FROM).
+
+ `c'
+ The file has not been copied to the spool directory
+ (this is the default).
+
+ `d'
+ The slave should create directories as necessary (this
+ is the default).
+
+ `f'
+ The slave should not create directories if necessary,
+ but should fail the transfer instead.
+
+ `m'
+ The master should send mail to USER when the transfer is
+ complete.
+
+ `n'
+ The slave should send mail to NOTIFY when the transfer is
+ complete.
+
+ `q'
+ Backslash quoting is applied to the FROM, TO, USER, and
+ NOTIFY arguments. *Note UUCP Protocol Commands::. This
+ option was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07.
+
+ TEMP
+ If the `C' option appears in OPTIONS, this names the file to
+ be sent. Otherwise if FROM is in the spool directory, TEMP
+ is the same as FROM. Otherwise TEMP may be a dummy string,
+ such as `D.0'. After the transfer has been succesfully
+ completed, the master will delete the file TEMP.
+
+ MODE
+ This is an octal number giving the mode of the file on the
+ master. If the file is not in the spool directory, the slave
+ will always create it with mode 0666, except that if (MODE &
+ 0111) is not zero (the file is executable), the slave will
+ create the file with mode 0777. If the file is in the spool
+ directory, some UUCP packages will use the algorithm above
+ and some will always create the file with mode 0600. This
+ field is ignored by UUPlus, since it is meaningless on DOS;
+ UUPlus uses 0666 for outgoing files.
+
+ NOTIFY
+ This field may not be present, and in any case is only
+ meaningful if the `n' option appears in OPTIONS. If the `n'
+ option appears, then, when the transfer is successfully
+ completed, the slave will send mail to NOTIFY, which must be
+ a legal mailing address on the slave. If a SIZE field will
+ appear but the `n' option does not appear, NOTIFY will always
+ be present, typically as the string `dummy' or simply a pair
+ of double quotes.
+
+ SIZE
+ This field is only present when doing Taylor UUCP or SVR4
+ UUCP size negotiation. It is the size of the file in bytes.
+ Taylor UUCP version 1.03 sends the size as a decimal integer,
+ while versions 1.04 and up, and all other UUCP packages that
+ support size negotiation, send the size in base 16 with a
+ leading 0x.
+
+ The slave then responds with an `S' command response.
+
+ `SY START'
+ The slave is willing to accept the file, and file transfer
+ begins. The START field will only be present when using file
+ restart. It specifies the byte offset into the file at which
+ to start sending. If this is a new file, START will be 0x0.
+
+ `SN2'
+ The slave denies permission to transfer the file. This can
+ mean that the destination directory may not be accessed, or
+ that no requests are permitted. It implies that the file
+ transfer will never succeed.
+
+ `SN4'
+ The slave is unable to create the necessary temporary file.
+ This implies that the file transfer might succeed later.
+
+ `SN6'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It means
+ that the slave considers the file too large to transfer at
+ the moment, but it may be possible to transfer it at some
+ other time.
+
+ `SN7'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It means
+ that the slave considers the file too large to ever transfer.
+
+ `SN8'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP. It means that the file was
+ already received in a previous conversation. This can happen
+ if the receive acknowledgement was lost after it was sent by
+ the receiver but before it was received by the sender.
+
+ `SN9'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) and
+ UUPlus (versions 2.0 and up). It means that the remote
+ system was unable to open another channel (see the discussion
+ of the `i' protocol for more information about channels).
+ This implies that the file transfer might succeed later.
+
+ `SN10'
+ This is reportedly used by SVR4 UUCP to mean that the file
+ size is too large.
+
+ If the slave responds with `SY', a file transfer begins. When the
+ file transfer is complete, the slave sends a `C' command response.
+
+ `CY'
+ The file transfer was successful.
+
+ `CYM'
+ The file transfer was successful, and the slave wishes to
+ become the master; the master should send an `H' command,
+ described below.
+
+ `CN5'
+ The temporary file could not be moved into the final
+ location. This implies that the file transfer will never
+ succeed.
+
+After the `C' command response has been received (in the `SY' case) or
+immediately (in an `SN' case) the master will send another command.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The R Command, Next: The X Command, Prev: The S Command, Up: UUCP Protocol Commands
+
+6.5.2.2 The R Command
+.....................
+
+master: `R FROM TO USER -OPTIONS SIZE'
+ The `R' and the `-' are literal characters. This is a request by
+ the master to receive a file from the slave. I do not know how
+ SVR4 UUCP or QFT implement file transfer restart in this case.
+
+ FROM
+ This is the name of the file on the slave which the master
+ wishes to receive. It must not be in the spool directory,
+ and it may not contain any wildcards.
+
+ TO
+ This is the name of the file to create on the master. I do
+ not believe that it can be a directory. It may only be in
+ the spool directory if this file is being requested to
+ support an execution either on the master or on some system
+ other than the slave.
+
+ USER
+ The name of the user who requested the transfer.
+
+ OPTIONS
+ A list of options to control the transfer. The following
+ options are defined (all options are single characters):
+ `d'
+ The master should create directories as necessary (this
+ is the default).
+
+ `f'
+ The master should not create directories if necessary,
+ but should fail the transfer instead.
+
+ `m'
+ The master should send mail to USER when the transfer is
+ complete.
+
+ `q'
+ Backslash quoting is applied to the FROM, TO, and USER
+ arguments. *Note UUCP Protocol Commands::. This option
+ was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07.
+
+ SIZE
+ This only appears if Taylor UUCP size negotiation is being
+ used. It specifies the largest file which the master is
+ prepared to accept (when using SVR4 UUCP or QFT, this was
+ specified in the `-U' option during the initial handshake).
+
+ The slave then responds with an `R' command response. UUPlus does
+ not support `R' requests, and always responds with `RN2'.
+
+ `RY MODE [SIZE]'
+ The slave is willing to send the file, and file transfer
+ begins. The MODE argument is the octal mode of the file on
+ the slave. The master treats this just as the slave does the
+ MODE argument in the send command, q.v. I am told that SVR4
+ UUCP sends a trailing SIZE argument. For some versions of
+ BSD UUCP, the MODE argument may have a trailing `M' character
+ (e.g., `RY 0666M'). This means that the slave wishes to
+ become the master.
+
+ `RN2'
+ The slave is not willing to send the file, either because it
+ is not permitted or because the file does not exist. This
+ implies that the file request will never succeed.
+
+ `RN6'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It means
+ that the file is too large to send, either because of the
+ size limit specifies by the master or because the slave
+ considers it too large. The file transfer might succeed
+ later, or it might not (this may be cleared up in a later
+ release of Taylor UUCP).
+
+ `RN9'
+ This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) and
+ FSUUCP (versions 1.5 and up). It means that the remote
+ system was unable to open another channel (see the discussion
+ of the `i' protocol for more information about channels).
+ This implies that the file transfer might succeed later.
+
+ If the slave responds with `RY', a file transfer begins. When the
+ file transfer is complete, the master sends a `C' command. The
+ slave pretty much ignores this, although it may log it.
+
+ `CY'
+ The file transfer was successful.
+
+ `CN5'
+ The temporary file could not be moved into the final location.
+
+ After the `C' command response has been sent (in the `RY' case) or
+ immediately (in an `RN' case) the master will send another command.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The X Command, Next: The E Command, Prev: The R Command, Up: UUCP Protocol Commands
+
+6.5.2.3 The X Command
+.....................
+
+master: `X FROM TO USER -OPTIONS'
+ The `X' and the `-' are literal characters. This is a request by
+ the master to, in essence, execute uucp on the slave. The slave
+ should execute `uucp FROM TO'.
+
+ FROM
+ This is the name of the file or files on the slave which the
+ master wishes to transfer. Any wildcards are expanded on the
+ slave. If the master is requesting that the files be
+ transferred to itself, the request would normally contain
+ wildcard characters, since otherwise an `R' command would
+ suffice. The master can also use this command to request
+ that the slave transfer files to a third system.
+
+ TO
+ This is the name of the file or directory to which the files
+ should be transferred. This will normally use a UUCP name.
+ For example, if the master wishes to receive the files
+ itself, it would use `master!path'.
+
+ USER
+ The name of the user who requested the transfer.
+
+ OPTIONS
+ A list of options to control the transfer. As far as I know,
+ only one option is defined:
+ `q'
+ Backslash quoting is applied to the FROM, TO, and USER
+ arguments. *Note UUCP Protocol Commands::. This option
+ was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07.
+
+ The slave then responds with an `X' command response. FSUUCP does
+ not support `X' requests, and always responds with `XN'.
+
+ `XY'
+ The request was accepted, and the appropriate file transfer
+ commands have been queued up for later processing.
+
+ `XN'
+ The request was denied. No particular reason is given.
+
+ In either case, the master will then send another command.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The E Command, Next: The H Command, Prev: The X Command, Up: UUCP Protocol Commands
+
+6.5.2.4 The E Command
+.....................
+
+master: `E FROM TO USER -OPTIONS TEMP MODE NOTIFY SIZE COMMAND'
+ The `E' command is only supported by Taylor UUCP 1.04 and up. It
+ is used to make an execution request without requiring a separate
+ `X.*' file. *Note Execution File Format::. It is only used when
+ the command to be executed requires a single input file which is
+ passed to it as standard input.
+
+ All the fields have the same meaning as they do for an `S' command,
+ except for OPTIONS and COMMAND.
+
+ OPTIONS
+ A list of options to control the transfer. The following
+ options are defined (all options are single characters):
+ `C'
+ The file has been copied to the spool directory (the
+ master should use TEMP rather than FROM).
+
+ `c'
+ The file has not been copied to the spool directory
+ (this is the default).
+
+ `N'
+ No mail message should be sent, even if the command
+ fails. This is the equivalent of the `N' command in an
+ `X.*' file.
+
+ `Z'
+ A mail message should be sent if the command fails (this
+ is generally the default in any case). This is the
+ equivalent of the `Z' command in an `X.*' file.
+
+ `R'
+ Mail messages about the execution should be sent to the
+ address in the NOTIFY field. This is the equivalent of
+ the `R' command in an `X.*' file.
+
+ `e'
+ The execution should be done with `/bin/sh'. This is the
+ equivalent of the `e' command in an `X.*' file.
+
+ `q'
+ Backslash quoting is applied to the FROM, TO, USER, and
+ NOTIFY arguments. *Note UUCP Protocol Commands::. This
+ option was introduced in Taylor UUCP version 1.07. Note
+ that the COMMAND argument is not backslash quoted--that
+ argument is defined as the remainder of the line, and so
+ is already permitted to contain any character.
+
+ COMMAND
+ The command which should be executed. This is the equivalent
+ of the `C' command in an `X.*' file.
+
+ The slave then responds with an `E' command response. These are
+ the same as the `S' command responses, but the initial character is
+ `E' rather than `S'.
+
+ If the slave responds with `EY', the file transfer begins. When
+ the file transfer is complete, the slave sends a `C' command
+ response, just as for the `S' command. After a successful file
+ transfer, the slave is responsible for arranging for the command
+ to be executed. The transferred file is passed as standard input,
+ as though it were named in the `I' and `F' commands of an `X.*'
+ file.
+
+ After the `C' command response has been received (in the `EY'
+ case) or immediately (in an `EN' case) the master will send another
+ command.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The H Command, Prev: The E Command, Up: UUCP Protocol Commands
+
+6.5.2.5 The H Command
+.....................
+
+master: `H'
+ This is used by the master to hang up the connection. The slave
+ will respond with an `H' command response.
+
+ `HY'
+ The slave agrees to hang up the connection. In this case the
+ master sends another `HY' command. In some UUCP packages the
+ slave will then send a third `HY' command. At this point the
+ protocol is shut down, and the final handshake is begun.
+
+ `HN'
+ The slave does not agree to hang up. In this case the master
+ and the slave exchange roles. The next command will be sent
+ by the former slave, which is the new master. The roles may
+ be reversed several times during a single connection.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: The Final Handshake, Prev: UUCP Protocol Commands, Up: UUCP Protocol
+
+6.5.3 The Final Handshake
+-------------------------
+
+After the protocol has been shut down, the final handshake is performed.
+This handshake has no real purpose, and some UUCP packages simply drop
+the connection rather than do it (in fact, some will drop the connection
+immediately after both sides agree to hangup, without even closing down
+the protocol).
+
+caller: `\020OOOOOO\000'
+
+called: `\020OOOOOOO\000'
+
+ That is, the calling UUCP sends six `O' characters and the called
+UUCP replies with seven `O' characters. Some UUCP packages always send
+six `O' characters.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: g Protocol, Next: f Protocol, Prev: UUCP Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.6 UUCP `g' Protocol
+=====================
+
+The `g' protocol is a packet based flow controlled error correcting
+protocol that requires an eight bit clear connection. It is the
+original UUCP protocol, and is supported by all UUCP implementations.
+Many implementations of it are only able to support small window and
+packet sizes, specifically a window size of 3 and a packet size of 64
+bytes, but the protocol itself can support up to a window size of 7 and
+a packet size of 4096 bytes. Complaints about the inefficiency of the
+`g' protocol generally refer to specific implementations, rather than
+to the correctly implemented protocol.
+
+ The `g' protocol was originally designed for general packet drivers,
+and thus contains some features that are not used by UUCP, including an
+alternate data channel and the ability to renegotiate packet and window
+sizes during the communication session.
+
+ The `g' protocol is spoofed by many Telebit modems. When spoofing
+is in effect, each Telebit modem uses the `g' protocol to communicate
+with the attached computer, but the data between the modems is sent
+using a Telebit proprietary error correcting protocol. This allows for
+very high throughput over the Telebit connection, which, because it is
+half-duplex, would not normally be able to handle the `g' protocol very
+well at all. When a Telebit is spoofing the `g' protocol, it forces
+the packet size to be 64 bytes and the window size to be 3.
+
+ This discussion of the `g' protocol explains how it works, but does
+not discuss useful error handling techniques. Some discussion of this
+can be found in Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper, cited above (*note UUCP
+Protocol Sources::).
+
+ All `g' protocol communication is done with packets. Each packet
+begins with a six byte header. Control packets consist only of the
+header. Data packets contain additional data.
+
+ The header is as follows:
+
+`\020'
+ Every packet begins with a `^P'.
+
+K (1 <= K <= 9)
+ The K value is always 9 for a control packet. For a data packet,
+ the K value indicates how much data follows the six byte header.
+ The amount of data is 2 ** (K + 4), where ** indicates
+ exponentiation. Thus a K value of 1 means 32 data bytes and a K
+ value of 8 means 4096 data bytes. The K value for a data packet
+ must be between 1 and 8 inclusive.
+
+checksum low byte
+checksum high byte
+ The checksum value is described below.
+
+control byte
+ The control byte indicates the type of packet, and is described
+ below.
+
+xor byte
+ This byte is the xor of K, the checksum low byte, the checksum
+ high byte and the control byte (i.e., the second, third, fourth and
+ fifth header bytes). It is used to ensure that the header data is
+ valid.
+
+ The control byte in the header is composed of three bit fields,
+referred to here as TT (two bits), XXX (three bits) and YYY (three
+bits). The control is TTXXXYYY, or `(TT << 6) + (XXX << 3) + YYY'.
+
+ The TT field takes on the following values:
+
+`0'
+ This is a control packet. In this case the K byte in the header
+ must be 9. The XXX field indicates the type of control packet;
+ these types are described below.
+
+`1'
+ This is an alternate data channel packet. This is not used by
+ UUCP.
+
+`2'
+ This is a data packet, and the entire contents of the attached data
+ field (whose length is given by the K byte in the header) are
+ valid. The XXX and YYY fields are described below.
+
+`3'
+ This is a short data packet. Let the length of the data field (as
+ given by the K byte in the header) be L. Let the first byte in
+ the data field be B1. If B1 is less than 128 (if the most
+ significant bit of B1 is 0), then there are `L - B1' valid bytes
+ of data in the data field, beginning with the second byte. If `B1
+ >= 128', let B2 be the second byte in the data field. Then there
+ are `L - ((B1 & 0x7f) + (B2 << 7))' valid bytes of data in the
+ data field, beginning with the third byte. In all cases L bytes
+ of data are sent (and all data bytes participate in the checksum
+ calculation) but some of the trailing bytes may be dropped by the
+ receiver. The XXX and YYY fields are described below.
+
+ In a data packet (short or not) the XXX field gives the sequence
+number of the packet. Thus sequence numbers can range from 0 to 7,
+inclusive. The YYY field gives the sequence number of the last
+correctly received packet.
+
+ Each communication direction uses a window which indicates how many
+unacknowledged packets may be transmitted before waiting for an
+acknowledgement. The window may range from 1 to 7, and may be different
+in each direction. For example, if the window is 3 and the last packet
+acknowledged was packet number 6, packet numbers 7, 0 and 1 may be sent
+but the sender must wait for an acknowledgement before sending packet
+number 2. This acknowledgement could come as the YYY field of a data
+packet, or as the YYY field of a `RJ' or `RR' control packet (described
+below).
+
+ Each packet must be transmitted in order (the sender may not skip
+sequence numbers). Each packet must be acknowledged, and each packet
+must be acknowledged in order.
+
+ In a control packet, the XXX field takes on the following values:
+
+1 `CLOSE'
+ The connection should be closed immediately. This is typically
+ sent when one side has seen too many errors and wants to give up.
+ It is also sent when shutting down the protocol. If an unexpected
+ `CLOSE' packet is received, a `CLOSE' packet should be sent in
+ reply and the `g' protocol should halt, causing UUCP to enter the
+ final handshake.
+
+2 `RJ' or `NAK'
+ The last packet was not received correctly. The YYY field
+ contains the sequence number of the last correctly received packet.
+
+3 `SRJ'
+ Selective reject. The YYY field contains the sequence number of a
+ packet that was not received correctly, and should be
+ retransmitted. This is not used by UUCP, and most implementations
+ will not recognize it.
+
+4 `RR' or `ACK'
+ Packet acknowledgement. The YYY field contains the sequence
+ number of the last correctly received packet.
+
+5 `INITC'
+ Third initialization packet. The YYY field contains the maximum
+ window size to use.
+
+6 `INITB'
+ Second initialization packet. The YYY field contains the packet
+ size to use. It requests a size of 2 ** (YYY + 5). Note that
+ this is not the same coding used for the K byte in the packet
+ header (it is 1 less). Most UUCP implementations that request a
+ packet size larger than 64 bytes can handle any packet size up to
+ that specified.
+
+7 `INITA'
+ First initialization packet. The YYY field contains the maximum
+ window size to use.
+
+ To compute the checksum, call the control byte (the fifth byte in the
+header) C.
+
+ The checksum of a control packet is simply `0xaaaa - C'.
+
+ The checksum of a data packet is `0xaaaa - (CHECK ^ C)', where `^'
+denotes exclusive or, and CHECK is the result of the following routine
+as run on the contents of the data field (every byte in the data field
+participates in the checksum, even for a short data packet). Below is
+the routine used by an early version of Taylor UUCP; it is a slightly
+modified version of a routine which John Gilmore patched from G.L.
+Chesson's original paper. The `z' argument points to the data and the
+`c' argument indicates how much data there is.
+
+ int
+ igchecksum (z, c)
+ register const char *z;
+ register int c;
+ {
+ register unsigned int ichk1, ichk2;
+
+ ichk1 = 0xffff;
+ ichk2 = 0;
+
+ do
+ {
+ register unsigned int b;
+
+ /* Rotate ichk1 left. */
+ if ((ichk1 & 0x8000) == 0)
+ ichk1 <<= 1;
+ else
+ {
+ ichk1 <<= 1;
+ ++ichk1;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the next character to ichk1. */
+ b = *z++ & 0xff;
+ ichk1 += b;
+
+ /* Add ichk1 xor the character position in the buffer counting from
+ the back to ichk2. */
+ ichk2 += ichk1 ^ c;
+
+ /* If the character was zero, or adding it to ichk1 caused an
+ overflow, xor ichk2 to ichk1. */
+ if (b == 0 || (ichk1 & 0xffff) < b)
+ ichk1 ^= ichk2;
+ }
+ while (--c > 0);
+
+ return ichk1 & 0xffff;
+ }
+
+ When the `g' protocol is started, the calling UUCP sends an `INITA'
+control packet with the window size it wishes the called UUCP to use.
+The called UUCP responds with an `INITA' packet with the window size it
+wishes the calling UUCP to use. Pairs of `INITB' and `INITC' packets
+are then similarly exchanged. When these exchanges are completed, the
+protocol is considered to have been started.
+
+ Note that the window and packet sizes are not a negotiation. Each
+system announces the window and packet size which the other system
+should use. It is possible that different window and packet sizes will
+be used in each direction. The protocol works this way on the theory
+that each system knows how much data it can accept without getting
+overrun. Therefore, each system tells the other how much data to send
+before waiting for an acknowledgement.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a command, it sends one or more data
+packets. All the data packets will normally be complete, although some
+UUCP packages may send the last one as a short packet. The command
+string is sent with a trailing null byte, to let the receiving package
+know when the command is finished. Some UUCP packages require the last
+byte of the last packet sent to be null, even if the command ends
+earlier in the packet. Some packages may require all the trailing bytes
+in the last packet to be null, but I have not confirmed this.
+
+ When a UUCP package sends a file, it will send a sequence of data
+packets. The end of the file is signalled by a short data packet
+containing zero valid bytes (it will normally be preceeded by a short
+data packet containing the last few bytes in the file).
+
+ Note that the sequence numbers cover the entire communication
+session, including both command and file data.
+
+ When the protocol is shut down, each UUCP package sends a `CLOSE'
+control packet.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: f Protocol, Next: t Protocol, Prev: g Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.7 UUCP `f' Protocol
+=====================
+
+The `f' protocol is a seven bit protocol which checksums an entire file
+at a time. It only uses the characters between `\040' and `\176'
+(ASCII `space' and `~') inclusive, as well as the carriage return
+character. It can be very efficient for transferring text only data,
+but it is very inefficient at transferring eight bit data (such as
+compressed news). It is not flow controlled, and the checksum is
+fairly insecure over large files, so using it over a serial connection
+requires handshaking (XON/XOFF can be used) and error correcting
+modems. Some people think it should not be used even under those
+circumstances.
+
+ I believe that the `f' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP.
+It was originally intended for transmission over X.25 PAD links.
+
+ The `f' protocol has no startup or finish protocol. However, both
+sides typically sleep for a couple of seconds before starting up,
+because they switch the terminal into XON/XOFF mode and want to allow
+the changes to settle before beginning transmission.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends a string
+terminated by a carriage return.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a file, each byte B of the file is
+translated according to the following table:
+
+ 0 <= B <= 037: 0172, B + 0100 (0100 to 0137)
+ 040 <= B <= 0171: B ( 040 to 0171)
+ 0172 <= B <= 0177: 0173, B - 0100 ( 072 to 077)
+ 0200 <= B <= 0237: 0174, B - 0100 (0100 to 0137)
+ 0240 <= B <= 0371: 0175, B - 0200 ( 040 to 0171)
+ 0372 <= B <= 0377: 0176, B - 0300 ( 072 to 077)
+
+ That is, a byte between `\040' and `\171' inclusive is transmitted
+as is, and all other bytes are prefixed and modified as shown.
+
+ When all the file data is sent, a seven byte sequence is sent: two
+bytes of `\176' followed by four ASCII bytes of the checksum as printed
+in base 16 followed by a carriage return. For example, if the checksum
+was 0x1234, this would be sent: `\176\1761234\r'.
+
+ The checksum is initialized to 0xffff. For each byte that is sent
+it is modified as follows (where B is the byte before it has been
+transformed as described above):
+
+ /* Rotate the checksum left. */
+ if ((ichk & 0x8000) == 0)
+ ichk <<= 1;
+ else
+ {
+ ichk <<= 1;
+ ++ichk;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the next byte into the checksum. */
+ ichk += B;
+
+ When the receiving UUCP sees the checksum, it compares it against its
+own calculated checksum and replies with a single character followed by
+a carriage return.
+
+`G'
+ The file was received correctly.
+
+`R'
+ The checksum did not match, and the file should be resent from the
+ beginning.
+
+`Q'
+ The checksum did not match, but too many retries have occurred and
+ the communication session should be abandoned.
+
+ The sending UUCP checks the returned character and acts accordingly.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: t Protocol, Next: e Protocol, Prev: f Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.8 UUCP `t' Protocol
+=====================
+
+The `t' protocol is intended for use on links which provide reliable
+end-to-end connections, such as TCP. It does no error checking or flow
+control, and requires an eight bit clear channel.
+
+ I believe the `t' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a command, it first gets the length of
+the command string, C. It then sends `((C / 512) + 1) * 512' bytes
+(the smallest multiple of 512 which can hold C bytes plus a null byte)
+consisting of the command string itself followed by trailing null bytes.
+
+ When a UUCP package sends a file, it sends it in blocks. Each block
+contains at most 1024 bytes of data. Each block consists of four bytes
+containing the amount of data in binary (most significant byte first,
+the same format as used by the Unix function `htonl') followed by that
+amount of data. The end of the file is signalled by a block containing
+zero bytes of data.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: e Protocol, Next: Big G Protocol, Prev: t Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.9 UUCP `e' Protocol
+=====================
+
+The `e' protocol is similar to the `t' protocol. It does no flow
+control or error checking and is intended for use over networks
+providing reliable end-to-end connections, such as TCP.
+
+ The `e' protocol originated in versions of HDB UUCP.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends the command
+as an ASCII string terminated by a null byte.
+
+ When a UUCP package transmits a file, it sends the complete size of
+the file as an ASCII decimal number. The ASCII string is padded out to
+20 bytes with null bytes (i.e. if the file is 1000 bytes long, it sends
+`1000\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0'). It then sends the entire file.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: Big G Protocol, Next: i Protocol, Prev: e Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.10 UUCP `G' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `G' protocol is used by SVR4 UUCP. It is identical to the `g'
+protocol, except that it is possible to modify the window and packet
+sizes. The SVR4 implementation of the `g' protocol reportedly is fixed
+at a packet size of 64 and a window size of 7. Supposedly SVR4 chose
+to implement a new protocol using a new letter to avoid any potential
+incompatibilities when using different packet or window sizes.
+
+ Most implementations of the `g' protocol that accept packets larger
+than 64 bytes will also accept packets smaller than whatever they
+requested in the `INITB' packet. The SVR4 `G' implementation is an
+exception; it will only accept packets of precisely the size it
+requests in the INITB packet.
+
+
+File: uucp.info, Node: i Protocol, Next: j Protocol, Prev: Big G Protocol, Up: Protocols
+
+6.11 UUCP `i' Protocol
+======================
+
+The `i' protocol was written by Ian Lance Taylor (who also wrote this
+manual). It was first used by Taylor UUCP version 1.04.
+
+ It is a sliding window packet protocol, like the `g' protocol, but
+it supports bidirectional transfers (i.e., file transfers in both
+directions simultaneously). It requires an eight bit clear connection.
+Several ideas for the protocol were taken from the paper `A
+High-Throughput Message Transport System' by P. Lauder. I don't know
+where the paper was published, but the author's e-mail address is
+<piers@cs.su.oz.au>. The `i' protocol does not adopt his main idea,
+which is to dispense with windows entirely. This is because some links
+still do require flow control and, more importantly, because using
+windows sets a limit to the amount of data which the protocol must be
+able to resend upon request. To reduce the costs of window
+acknowledgements, the protocol uses a large window and only requires an
+ack at the halfway point.
+
+ Each packet starts with a six byte header, optionally followed by
+data bytes with a four byte checksum. There are currently five defined
+packet types (`DATA', `SYNC', `ACK', `NAK', `SPOS', `CLOSE') which are
+described below. Although any packet type may include data, any data
+provided with an `ACK', `NAK' or `CLOSE' packet is ignored.
+
+ Every `DATA', `SPOS' and `CLOSE' packet has a sequence number. The
+sequence numbers are independent for each side. The first packet sent
+by each side is always number 1. Each packet is numbered one greater
+than the previous packet, modulo 32.
+
+ Every packet has a local channel number and a remote channel number.
+For all packets at least one channel number is zero. When a UUCP
+command is sent to the remote system, it is assigned a non-zero local
+channel number. All packets associated with that UUCP command sent by
+the local system are given the selected local channel number. All
+associated packets sent by the remote system are given the selected
+number as the remote channel number. This permits each UUCP command to
+be uniquely identified by the channel number on the originating system,
+and therefore each UUCP package can associate all file data and UUCP
+command responses with the appropriate command. This is a requirement
+for bidirectional UUCP transfers.
+
+ The protocol maintains a single global file position, which starts
+at 0. For each incoming packet, any associated data is considered to
+occur at the current file position, and the file position is
+incremented by the amount of data contained. The exception is a packet
+of type `SPOS', which is used to change the file position. The reason
+for keeping track of the file position is described below.
+
+ The header is as follows:
+
+`\007'
+ Every packet begins with `^G'.
+
+`(PACKET << 3) + LOCCHAN'
+ The five bit packet number combined with the three bit local
+ channel number. `DATA', `SPOS' and `CLOSE' packets use the packet
+ sequence number for the PACKET field. `NAK' packet types use the
+ PACKET field for the sequence number to be resent. `ACK' and
+ `SYNC' do not use the PACKET field, and generally leave it set to
+ 0. Packets which are not associated with a UUCP command from the
+ local system use a local channel number of 0.
+
+`(ACK << 3) + REMCHAN'
+ The five bit packet acknowledgement combined with the three bit
+ remote channel number. The packet acknowledgement is the number
+ of the last packet successfully received; it is used by all packet
+ types. Packets which are not sent in response to a UUCP command
+ from the remote system use a remote channel number of 0.
+
+`(TYPE << 5) + (CALLER << 4) + LEN1'
+ The three bit packet type combined with the one bit packet
+ direction combined with the upper four bits of the data length.
+ The packet direction bit is always 1 for packets sent by the
+ calling UUCP, and 0 for packets sent by the called UUCP. This
+ prevents confusion caused by echoed packets.
+
+LEN2
+ The lower eight bits of the data length. The twelve bits of data
+ length permit packets ranging in size from 0 to 4095 bytes.
+
+CHECK
+ The exclusive or of the second through fifth bytes of the header.
+ This provides an additional check that the header is valid.
+
+ If the data length is non-zero, the packet is immediately followed by
+the specified number of data bytes. The data bytes are followed by a
+four byte CRC 32 checksum, with the most significant byte first. The
+CRC is calculated over the contents of the data field.
+
+ The defined packet types are as follows:
+
+0 `DATA'
+ This is a plain data packet.
+
+1 `SYNC'
+ `SYNC' packets are exchanged when the protocol is initialized, and
+ are described further below. `SYNC' packets do not carry sequence
+ numbers (that is, the PACKET field is ignored).
+
+2 `ACK'
+ This is an acknowledgement packet. Since `DATA' packets also carry
+ packet acknowledgements, `ACK' packets are only used when one side
+ has no data to send. `ACK' packets do not carry sequence numbers.
+
+3 `NAK'
+ This is a negative acknowledgement. This is sent when a packet is
+ received incorrectly, and means that the packet number appearing
+ in the PACKET field must be resent. `NAK' packets do not carry
+ sequence numbers (the PACKET field is already used).
+
+4 `SPOS'
+ This packet changes the file position. The packet contains four
+ bytes of data holding the file position, most significant byte
+ first. The next packet received will be considered to be at the
+ named file position.
+
+5 `CLOSE'
+ When the protocol is shut down, each side sends a `CLOSE' packet.
+ This packet does have a sequence number, which could be used to
+ ensure that all packets were correctly received (this is not
+ needed by UUCP, however, which uses the higher level `H' command
+ with an `HY' response).
+
+ When the protocol starts up, both systems send a `SYNC' packet. The
+`SYNC' packet includes at least three bytes of data. The first two
+bytes are the maximum packet size the remote system should send, most
+significant byte first. The third byte is the window size the remote
+system should use. The remote system may send packets of any size up
+to the maximum. If there is a fourth byte, it is the number of
+channels the remote system may use (this must be between 1 and 7,
+inclusive). Additional data bytes may be defined in the future.
+
+ The window size is the number of packets that may be sent before a
+packet is acknowledged. There is no requirement that every packet be
+acknowledged; any acknowledgement is considered to acknowledge all
+packets through the number given. In the current implementation, if one
+side has no data to send, it sends an `ACK' when half the window is
+received.
+
+ Note that the `NAK' packet corresponds to the unused `g' protocol
+`SRJ' packet type, rather than to the `RJ' packet type. When a `NAK'
+is received, only the named packet should be resent, not any subsequent
+packets.
+
+ Note that if both sides have data to send, but a packet is lost, it
+is perfectly reasonable for one side to continue sending packets, all of
+which will acknowledge the last packet correctly received, while the
+system whose packet was lost will be unable to send a new packet because
+the send window will be full. In this circumstance, neither side will
+time out and one side of the communication will be effectively shut down
+for a while. Therefore, any system with outstanding unacknowledged
+packets should arrange to time out and resend a packet even if data is
+being received.
+
+ Commands are sent as a sequence of data packets with a non-zero local
+channel number. The last data packet for a command includes a trailing
+null byte (normally a command will fit in a single data packet). Files
+are sent as a sequence of data packets ending with one of length zero.
+
+ The channel numbers permit a more efficient implementation of the
+UUCP file send command. Rather than send the command and then wait for
+the `SY' response before sending the file, the file data is sent
+beginning immediately after the `S' command is sent. If an `SN'
+response is received, the file send is aborted, and a final data packet
+of length zero is sent to indicate that the channel number may be
+reused. If an `SY' reponse with a file position indicator is received,
+the file send adjusts to the file position; this is why the protocol
+maintains a global file position.
+
+ Note that the use of channel numbers means that each UUCP system may
+send commands and file data simultaneously. Moreover, each UUCP system
+may send multiple files at the same time, using the channel number to
+disambiguate the data. Sending a file before receiving an
+acknowledgement for the previous file helps to eliminate the round trip
+delays inherent in other UUCP protocols.
+
--- uucp-1.07.orig/unix/pipe.c
+++ uucp-1.07/unix/pipe.c
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ fspipe_dial (qconn, puuconf, qsys, zphon
struct ssysdep_conn *q;
int aidescs[3];
const char **pzprog;
+ char **p;
q = (struct ssysdep_conn *) qconn->psysdep;
@@ -211,6 +212,11 @@ fspipe_dial (qconn, puuconf, qsys, zphon
ulog (LOG_ERROR, "No command for pipe connection");
return FALSE;
}
+
+ /* Look for a string \H and replaced it by the address given for this system */
+ for (p=pzprog; *p; p++)
+ if (!strcmp(*p, "\\H"))
+ *p = zphone;
aidescs[0] = SPAWN_WRITE_PIPE;
aidescs[1] = SPAWN_READ_PIPE;
--- uucp-1.07.orig/contrib/uurate.c
+++ uucp-1.07/contrib/uurate.c
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ struct Protocol_Summary
struct Host_entry
{
struct Host_entry *next;
- char Hostname[32];
+ char Hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
struct Execution_Command *cmds; /* Local Activities */
struct Phone_Call call[2]; /* In & Out Activities */
struct Protocol_Summary *proto;
--- uucp-1.07.orig/contrib/Makefile.uurt
+++ uucp-1.07/contrib/Makefile.uurt
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ MAN=$(prefix)/man/man1
newconfigdir = $(prefix)/conf/uucp
# Flags to use when compiling uurate
-CC=gcc -O2
-CFLAGS=-I.. -Wall
-LDFLAGS=-s -lm
+CC=gcc
+CFLAGS+=-I..
+LDFLAGS=-lm
SHELL=/bin/sh
PROGS=uurate
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